9542089
D4WHX9AJ
1
apa
50
date
desc
2350
https://www.svri.org/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22EP7J7KSD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Samms-Vaughan%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-05-22%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESamms-Vaughan%2C%20M.%2C%20Coore-Desai%2C%20C.%2C%20Reece%2C%20J.-A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Pellington%2C%20S.%20%282024%29.%20Epidemiology%20of%20violence%20against%20young%20children%20in%20Jamaica.%20%3Ci%3EPsychology%2C%20Health%20%26amp%3B%20Medicine%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201%26%23x2013%3B10.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F13548506.2024.2342585%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F13548506.2024.2342585%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Epidemiology%20of%20violence%20against%20young%20children%20in%20Jamaica%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maureen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Samms-Vaughan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charlene%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coore-Desai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jody-Ann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reece%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sydonnie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pellington%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-05-22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F13548506.2024.2342585%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221354-8506%2C%201465-3966%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F13548506.2024.2342585%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22D4WHX9AJ%22%2C%22SWE8BR2S%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-05-24T12%3A09%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22A8TKECI8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lee%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-09-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELee%2C%20K.%20A.%2C%20Priestley%2C%20S.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hylton%2C%20K.%20K.%20%282022%29.%20Mental%20health%20and%20behavioral%20outcomes%20among%20Jamaican%20women%3A%20The%20role%20of%20childhood%20abuse%20%26amp%3B%20witnessing%20parental%20violence.%20%3Ci%3EChildren%20and%20Youth%20Services%20Review%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E140%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20106588.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.childyouth.2022.106588%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.childyouth.2022.106588%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Mental%20health%20and%20behavioral%20outcomes%20among%20Jamaican%20women%3A%20The%20role%20of%20childhood%20abuse%20%26%20witnessing%20parental%20violence%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kerry%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sharon%20Rose%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Priestley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hylton%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%5CnStudies%20have%20shown%20significant%20links%20between%20adverse%20childhood%20experiences%20%28ACEs%29%20and%20mental%20and%20behavioral%20health%20outcomes.%20However%2C%20limited%20research%20has%20examined%20these%20associations%20among%20Jamaican%20women.%5CnObjective%5CnWe%20investigated%20the%20associations%20between%20individual%20%28sexual%2C%20physical%2C%20and%20emotional%20abuse%2C%20and%20witnessing%20a%20mother%20being%20abused%29%20and%20categorized%20%280%2C%201%2C%202%2C%203%5Cu20134%29%20ACEs%20and%20depression%2C%20anxiety%2C%20alcohol%20and%20marijuana%20use%20among%20Jamaican%20women.%5CnParticipants%20and%20setting%5CnData%20were%20obtained%20from%20the%202016%20Women%5Cu2019s%20Health%20Survey%20%28WHS%29%5Cu2014a%20nationally%20representative%20sample%20of%20young%20Jamaican%20women%20aged%2015%5Cu201364%5Cu00a0years.%5CnMethods%5CnA%20series%20of%20multivariate%20%28OLS%29%20and%20logistic%20regression%20analyses%20were%20conducted.%20OLS%20regression%20analyses%20were%20conducted%20to%20examine%20the%20individual%20and%20categorized%20effect%20of%20ACEs%20on%20depression%2C%20anxiety%2C%20and%20alcohol%20use.%20To%20examine%20the%20individual%20and%20categorized%20effect%20of%20ACEs%20on%20marijuana%20use%2C%20binary%20logistic%20regression%20analyses%20were%20run.%5CnResults%5CnExposure%20to%20physical%20abuse%20%28B%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a01.79%29%2C%20witnessing%20a%20mother%20being%20abused%20%28B%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a01.38%29%2C%20and%20having%20at%20least%20one%20adversity%20%28B%20range%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.73%5Cu20133.98%29%20in%20childhood%20were%20significant%20predictors%20of%20increased%20depressive%20symptoms.%20Sexual%20%28B%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a03.39%29%2C%20physical%20%28B%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a01.61%29%2C%20and%20emotional%20%28B%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.93%29%20abuse%2C%20and%20being%20exposed%20to%202%20or%20more%20ACEs%20%28B%20range%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a02.82%5Cu20133.54%29%20were%20significantly%20associated%20with%20increased%20levels%20of%20anxiety.%20Sexual%20abuse%20%28OR%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a04.37%29%2C%20witnessing%20a%20mother%20being%20abused%20%28OR%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a02.20%29%2C%20and%20having%203%5Cu20134%20adversities%20%28OR%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a08.33%29%20in%20childhood%20were%20associated%20with%20marijuana%20use.%20No%20significant%20association%20was%20found%20between%20individual%20nor%20categorized%20ACEs%20and%20alcohol%20use.%5CnConclusions%5CnThis%20study%20highlights%20the%20need%20for%20interventions%20and%20policies%20aimed%20at%20addressing%20ACEs%20to%20disrupt%20the%20sequalae%20of%20negative%20mental%20and%20behavioral%20outcomes.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-09-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.childyouth.2022.106588%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220190-7409%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0190740922002249%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22D4WHX9AJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-05T09%3A56%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IWSPDWPQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Francis%20and%20Baker-Henningham%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-07-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFrancis%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Baker-Henningham%2C%20H.%20%282021%29.%20The%20Irie%20Homes%20Toolbox%3A%20A%20cluster%20randomized%20controlled%20trial%20of%20an%20early%20childhood%20parenting%20program%20to%20prevent%20violence%20against%20children%20in%20Jamaica.%20%3Ci%3EChildren%20and%20Youth%20Services%20Review%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E126%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20106060.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.childyouth.2021.106060%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.childyouth.2021.106060%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Irie%20Homes%20Toolbox%3A%20A%20cluster%20randomized%20controlled%20trial%20of%20an%20early%20childhood%20parenting%20program%20to%20prevent%20violence%20against%20children%20in%20Jamaica%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Taja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Francis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baker-Henningham%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%5CnWe%20tested%20whether%20a%20universal%2C%20violence-prevention%2C%20early%20childhood%2C%20parenting%20program%20%28The%20Irie%20Homes%20Toolbox%29%20reduced%20parents%5Cu2019%20use%20of%20harsh%20punishment%20and%20increased%20parents%5Cu2019%20involvement%20with%20their%20child.%5CnMethods%5CnA%20cluster%20randomized%20trial%20was%20conducted%20in%20eighteen%20preschools%20situated%20in%20inner-city%20neighbourhoods%20in%20Kingston%2C%20Jamaica.%20Schools%20were%20randomized%20to%20intervention%20%28n%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a09%29%20or%20control%20%28n%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a09%29%20and%20a%20minimum%20of%20twelve%20parent%5C%2Fchild%20dyads%20were%20recruited%20in%20each%20school%20%28n%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a0223%2C%20115%20intervention%2C%20108%20control%29.%20The%20Irie%20Homes%20Toolbox%20consists%20of%20eight%2C%20ninety-minute%20sessions%20with%20groups%20of%20six%20parents.%20The%20primary%20outcomes%20were%20parent-reported%20harsh%20punishment%20and%20involvement%20with%20their%20child.%20Secondary%20outcomes%20were%20parent%20and%20teacher-reported%20child%20behavior%20difficulties%20and%20prosocial%20behavior%20and%20child%20school%20readiness%20by%20direct%20testing.%5CnResults%5CnThe%20attendance%20rate%20in%20the%20intervention%20group%20was%2068.8%25.%20Benefits%20of%20intervention%20included%20significant%20reductions%20in%20parents%5Cu2019%20use%20of%20harsh%20punishment%20%28ES%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a0-0.29%2C%2095%25CI%3A%20%5Cu22120.52%2C-0.05%2C%20p%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.036%29%20and%20increases%20in%20parents%5Cu2019%20involvement%20%28ES%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.30%2C%2095%25CI%3A%200.03%2C%200.57%2C%20p%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.036%29.%20There%20was%20a%20dose%5Cu2013response%20relationship%20between%20number%20of%20sessions%20attended%20and%20reduction%20in%20harsh%20punishment%20with%20greater%20reductions%20as%20parent%20attendance%20increased.%20No%20main%20effects%20were%20found%20child%20behavior%20at%20home%20and%20at%20school%20and%20school%20readiness.%20However%2C%20there%20was%20a%20significant%20interaction%20effect%20between%20baseline%20behavior%20difficulties%20and%20intervention%20group%20%28p%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.002%29%3B%20significant%20reductions%20in%20behavior%20difficulties%20were%20found%20for%20children%20at%20or%20above%20the%2050th%20percentile%20on%20initial%20behavior%20difficulties%20%28ES%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a0-0.36%2C%20p%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.031%29.%5CnConclusion%5CnThe%20Irie%20Homes%20Toolbox%20led%20to%20reduced%20harsh%20punishment%20by%20parents%2C%20increased%20parental%20involvement%20and%20decreased%20behavior%20difficulties%20for%20higher-risk%20children.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-07-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.childyouth.2021.106060%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220190-7409%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0190740921001390%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22D4WHX9AJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-05T09%3A56%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZE5EDHXR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pottinger%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-11-27%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPottinger%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20Bailey%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Passard%2C%20N.%20%282019%29.%20Archival%20data%20review%20of%20intimate%20partner%20homicide-suicide%20in%20Jamaica%2C%202007%20%26%23x2013%3B%202017%3A%20focus%20on%20mental%20health%20and%20community%20response.%20%3Ci%3ERevista%20Panamericana%20de%20Salud%20P%26%23xFA%3Bblica%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E43%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20e99.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.26633%5C%2FRPSP.2019.99%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.26633%5C%2FRPSP.2019.99%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Archival%20data%20review%20of%20intimate%20partner%20homicide-suicide%20in%20Jamaica%2C%202007%20%5Cu2013%202017%3A%20focus%20on%20mental%20health%20and%20community%20response%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pottinger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Althea%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bailey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nickiesha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Passard%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Objective.%5CnTo%20identify%20social%20and%20behavioral%20patterns%20and%20mental%20health%20concerns%20associated%20with%20intimate%20partner%20homicide-suicide%20%28IPHS%29%20in%20Jamaica%20through%20an%20analysis%20of%20media%20and%20police%20reports.%5Cn%5CnMethods.%5CnThis%20was%20an%20archival%20data%20review%20of%20police%20records%20and%20print%2C%20radio%2C%20and%20television%20reports%20of%20IPHS%20incidents%20from%20January%202007%20%5Cu2013%20June%202017%20in%20Jamaica.%20The%2027%20cases%20found%20were%20qualitatively%20analyzed%20using%20pre-identified%20codes%20and%20open%20coding%20to%20generate%20themes%20and%20patterns.%5Cn%5CnResults.%5CnA%20prevalence%20rate%20of%200.1%20per%20100%20000%20was%20determined.%20In%20all%20cases%2C%20males%20were%20the%20homicide-offender.%20Sociodemographic%20patterns%20associated%20with%20IPHS%20incidents%5Cu2014age%2C%20personality%20traits%2C%20choice%20of%20weapon%2C%20and%20time%20of%20occurrence%5Cu2014were%20consistent%20with%20previous%20findings.%20Common%20triggers%20were%20offender%20obsession%2C%20sexual%20jealousy%2C%20and%20fear%20of%20separation.%20Despite%20reports%20of%20mental%20health%20concerns%20in%20both%20male%20and%20female%20partners%2C%20neither%20the%20couples%20nor%20community%20members%20sought%20help%20prior%20to%20the%20homicide-suicide.%5Cn%5CnConclusion.%5CnThese%20findings%20demand%20a%20change%20in%20cultural%20attitudes%20toward%20domestic%20disputes%20and%20mental%20health%20concerns%2C%20and%20a%20redefining%20of%20the%20community%5Cu2019s%20responsibility%20in%20IPHS.%20The%20warning%20signs%20associated%20with%20IPHS%20should%20be%20part%20of%20existing%20violence%20and%20suicide%20prevention%20programs.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019-11-27%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.26633%5C%2FRPSP.2019.99%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221020-4989%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2Fpmc%5C%2Farticles%5C%2FPMC6884097%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22D4WHX9AJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-12-02T14%3A01%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224A8P2I8I%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Priestley%20and%20Lee%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPriestley%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Lee%2C%20K.%20A.%20%282019%29.%20Understanding%20IPV%20perpetration%20among%20young%20Jamaican%20men%3A%20the%20role%20of%20socialization%20and%20attitudinal%20factors.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Interpersonal%20Violence%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3EePub%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28ePub%29%2C%20886260519854553.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0886260519854553%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0886260519854553%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Understanding%20IPV%20perpetration%20among%20young%20Jamaican%20men%3A%20the%20role%20of%20socialization%20and%20attitudinal%20factors%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sharon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Priestley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kerry%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20study%20examined%20the%20association%20among%20a%20number%20of%20demographic%2C%20socialization%2C%20and%20attitudinal%20factors%2C%20and%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20%28IPV%29%20perpetration%20in%20a%20sample%20of%20young%20Jamaican%20men.%20We%20conducted%20bivariate%20and%20logistic%20regression%20analyses%20using%20data%20from%20the%202008%20Reproductive%20Health%20Survey%20%28RHS%29%20administered%20by%20the%20Statistical%20Institute%20of%20Jamaica%20%28STATIN%29%20for%20the%20National%20Family%20Planning%20Board.%20The%20RHS%20is%20a%20nationally%20representative%20sample%20of%20Jamaican%20women%20of%20childbearing%20age%20and%20men%20aged%2015-24%20years.%20%3Cbr%3E%3Cbr%3EFINDINGS%20indicated%20that%20being%20in%20a%20co-residential%20union%2C%20residing%20in%20an%20urban%20area%2C%20and%20having%20fair%20or%20poor%20health%20were%20significant%20demographic%20characteristics%20associated%20with%20IPV%20perpetration.%20Similarly%2C%20witnessing%20violence%20between%20parents%20in%20childhood%2C%20being%20physically%20hit%20after%20age%2015%20years%2C%20and%20having%20a%20controlling%20nature%20were%20significant%20socialization%20and%20attitudinal%20predictors%20of%20perpetrating%20recent%20IPV.%20Implications%20for%20practice%2C%20policy%2C%20and%20areas%20for%20further%20research%20are%20discussed.%3Cp%20%5C%2F%3E%20%5Cn%3Cp%3ELanguage%3A%20en%3C%5C%2Fp%3E%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F0886260519854553%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220886-2605%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.safetylit.org%5C%2Fcitations%5C%2Findex.php%3Ffuseaction%3Dcitations.viewdetails%26citationIds%5B%5D%3Dcitjournalarticle_615143_20%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22D4WHX9AJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-12-05T07%3A31%3A32Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22C38DW8QV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Baker-Henningham%20and%20Francis%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBaker-Henningham%2C%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Francis%2C%20T.%20%282018%29.%20Parents%26%23x2019%3B%20use%20of%20harsh%20punishment%20and%20young%20children%26%23x2019%3Bs%20behaviour%20and%20achievement%3A%20a%20longitudinal%20study%20of%20Jamaican%20children%20with%20conduct%20problems.%20%3Ci%3EGlobal%20Mental%20Health%20%28Cambridge%2C%20England%29%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E5%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20e32.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2Fgmh.2018.21%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2Fgmh.2018.21%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Parents%27%20use%20of%20harsh%20punishment%20and%20young%20children%27s%20behaviour%20and%20achievement%3A%20a%20longitudinal%20study%20of%20Jamaican%20children%20with%20conduct%20problems%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baker-Henningham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Francis%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22INTRODUCTION%3A%20Harsh%20punishment%20by%20parents%20is%20common%20in%20low-%20and%20middle-income%20countries%20%28LMIC%29%2C%20yet%20there%20is%20limited%20evidence%20from%20LMIC%20of%20the%20effects%20of%20harsh%20punishment%20on%20child%20outcomes.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20A%20longitudinal%2C%20prospective%20study%20was%20conducted%20with%20children%20with%20conduct%20problems%20to%20examine%20the%20associations%20between%20parents%27%20use%20of%20harsh%20punishment%20during%20the%20preschool%20years%20on%20child%20behaviour%20and%20school%20achievement%20in%20grade%20one%20of%20primary%20school.%20As%20part%20of%20an%20efficacy%20trial%20in%2024%20preschools%2C%20225%20children%20with%20the%20highest%20level%20of%20teacher-reported%20conduct%20problems%20were%20evaluated%20and%20their%20parents%20reported%20on%20how%20often%20they%20used%20harsh%20punishment.%20Outcome%20measures%20in%20grade%20one%20included%20child%20conduct%20problems%20by%20independent%20observation%2C%20teacher%20and%20parent%20report%2C%20child%20social%20skills%20by%20teacher%20and%20parent%20report%2C%20direct%20tests%20of%20children%27s%20academic%20achievement%20and%20language%20skills%2C%20and%20tester%20ratings%20of%20child%20attention%20and%20impulse%20control.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20Children%20had%20a%20mean%20age%20of%206.92%20years%20and%2061%25%20were%20boys.%20All%20parents%20reported%20using%20harsh%20punishment.%20After%20controlling%20for%20child%20age%20and%20sex%2C%20socio-economic%20status%2C%20parents%27%20involvement%20with%20child%20and%20maternal%20education%2C%20frequency%20of%20harsh%20punishment%20was%20associated%20with%20growth%20in%20child%20conduct%20problems%20by%20independent%20classroom%20observations%20%28p%5Cu00a0%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a0%5Cu00a00.037%29%2C%20parent%20%28p%5Cu00a0%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a0%5Cu00a00.018%29%20and%20teacher%20%28p%5Cu00a0%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a0%5Cu00a00.044%29%20report%2C%20a%20reduction%20in%20child%20social%20skills%20by%20teacher%20%28p%5Cu00a0%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a0%5Cu00a00.024%29%20and%20parent%20%28p%5Cu00a0%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a0%5Cu00a00.014%29%20report%20and%20poorer%20attention%20during%20the%20test%20session%20%28p%5Cu00a0%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a0%5Cu00a00.049%29.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20The%20associations%20between%20frequency%20of%20parents%27%20use%20of%20harsh%20punishment%20with%20their%20preschoolers%20with%20conduct%20problems%20and%20later%20child%20behaviour%20indicate%20a%20need%20to%20train%20parents%20in%20non-violent%20behaviour%20management.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1017%5C%2Fgmh.2018.21%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222054-4251%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2F30455967%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22D4WHX9AJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-12-05T07%3A36%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ATVWJIRF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Logie%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-04-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELogie%2C%20C.%20H.%2C%20Wang%2C%20Y.%2C%20Lacombe-Duncan%2C%20A.%2C%20Jones%2C%20N.%2C%20Ahmed%2C%20U.%2C%20Levermore%2C%20K.%2C%20Neil%2C%20A.%2C%20Ellis%2C%20T.%2C%20Bryan%2C%20N.%2C%20Marshall%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Newman%2C%20P.%20A.%20%282017%29.%20Factors%20associated%20with%20sex%20work%20involvement%20among%20transgender%20women%20in%20Jamaica%3A%20a%20cross-sectional%20study.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20International%20AIDS%20Society%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E20%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2021422.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7448%5C%2FIAS.20.01%5C%2F21422%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7448%5C%2FIAS.20.01%5C%2F21422%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Factors%20associated%20with%20sex%20work%20involvement%20among%20transgender%20women%20in%20Jamaica%3A%20a%20cross-sectional%20study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carmen%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Logie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ying%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ashley%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lacombe-Duncan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolette%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jones%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Uzma%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ahmed%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kandasi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Levermore%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ava%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Neil%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tyrone%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ellis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolette%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bryan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Annecka%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marshall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Newman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22INTRODUCTION%3A%20Transgender%20women%20are%20disproportionately%20impacted%20by%20HIV.%20Transgender%20women%20involved%20in%20sex%20work%20may%20experience%20exacerbated%20violence%2C%20social%20exclusion%2C%20and%20HIV%20vulnerabilities%2C%20in%20comparison%20with%20non-sex%20work-involved%20transgender%20women.%20Scant%20research%20has%20investigated%20sex%20work%20among%20transgender%20women%20in%20the%20Caribbean%2C%20including%20Jamaica%2C%20where%20transgender%20women%20report%20pervasive%20violence.%20The%20study%20objective%20was%20to%20examine%20factors%20associated%20with%20sex%20work%20involvement%20among%20transgender%20women%20in%20Jamaica.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20In%202015%2C%20we%20implemented%20a%20cross-sectional%20survey%20using%20modified%20peer-driven%20recruitment%20with%20transgender%20women%20in%20Kingston%20and%20Ocho%20Rios%2C%20Jamaica%2C%20in%20collaboration%20with%20a%20local%20community-based%20AIDS%20service%20organization.%20We%20conducted%20multivariable%20logistic%20regression%20analyses%20to%20identify%20factors%20associated%20with%20paid%20sex%20and%20transactional%20sex.%20Exchanging%20oral%2C%20anal%20or%20vaginal%20sex%20for%20money%20only%20was%20categorized%20as%20paid%20sex.%20Exchanging%20sex%20for%20survival%20needs%20%28food%2C%20accommodation%2C%20transportation%29%2C%20drugs%20or%20alcohol%2C%20or%20for%20money%20along%20with%20survival%20needs%20and%5C%2For%20drugs%5C%2Falcohol%2C%20was%20categorized%20as%20transactional%20sex.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20Among%20137%20transgender%20women%20%28mean%20age%3A%2024.0%20%5BSD%3A%204.5%5D%29%2C%20two-thirds%20reported%20living%20in%20the%20Kingston%20area.%20Overall%2C%2025.2%25%20reported%20being%20HIV-positive.%20Approximately%20half%20%28n%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a071%3B%2051.82%25%29%20reported%20any%20sex%20work%20involvement%2C%20this%20included%20sex%20in%20exchange%20for%3A%20money%20%28n%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a064%3B%2047.06%25%29%3B%20survival%20needs%20%28n%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a027%3B%2019.85%25%29%3B%20and%20drugs%5C%2Falcohol%20%28n%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a06%3B%204.41%25%29.%20In%20multivariable%20analyses%2C%20paid%20sex%20and%20transactional%20sex%20were%20both%20associated%20with%3A%20intrapersonal%20%28depression%29%2C%20interpersonal%20%28lower%20social%20support%2C%20forced%20sex%2C%20childhood%20sexual%20abuse%2C%20intimate%20partner%20violence%2C%20multiple%20partners%5C%2Fpolyamory%29%2C%20and%20structural%20%28transgender%20stigma%2C%20unemployment%29%20factors.%20Participants%20reporting%20transactional%20sex%20also%20reported%20increased%20odds%20of%20incarceration%20perceived%20to%20be%20due%20to%20transgender%20identity%2C%20forced%20sex%2C%20homelessness%2C%20and%20lower%20resilience%2C%20in%20comparison%20with%20participants%20reporting%20no%20sex%20work%20involvement.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20Findings%20reveal%20high%20HIV%20infection%20rates%20among%20transgender%20women%20in%20Jamaica.%20Sex%20work-involved%20participants%20experience%20social%20and%20structural%20drivers%20of%20HIV%2C%20including%20violence%2C%20stigma%2C%20and%20unemployment.%20Transgender%20women%20involved%20in%20transactional%20sex%20also%20experience%20high%20rates%20of%20incarceration%2C%20forced%20sex%20and%20homelessness%20in%20comparison%20with%20non-sex%20workers.%20Taken%20together%2C%20these%20findings%20suggest%20that%20social%20ecological%20factors%20elevate%20HIV%20exposure%20among%20sex%20work-involved%20transgender%20women%20in%20Jamaica.%20Findings%20can%20inform%20interventions%20to%20advance%20human%20rights%20and%20HIV%20prevention%20and%20care%20cascades%20with%20transgender%20women%20in%20Jamaica.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017-04-06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.7448%5C%2FIAS.20.01%5C%2F21422%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221758-2652%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22D4WHX9AJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-12-05T07%3A41%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22I4FTNVTD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3EJamaica%3A%20National%20Policy%20for%20Gender%20Equality.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%282011%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjaparliament.gov.jm%5C%2Fattachments%5C%2F461_National%2520Policy%2520for%2520Gender%2520Equality%2520%2528NPGE%2529.pdf%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjaparliament.gov.jm%5C%2Fattachments%5C%2F461_National%2520Policy%2520for%2520Gender%2520Equality%2520%2528NPGE%2529.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22document%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Jamaica%3A%20National%20Policy%20for%20Gender%20Equality.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22March%202011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjaparliament.gov.jm%5C%2Fattachments%5C%2F461_National%2520Policy%2520for%2520Gender%2520Equality%2520%2528NPGE%2529.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22D4WHX9AJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-12-05T08%3A05%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DQJR77RU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Baumgartner%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBaumgartner%2C%20J.%20N.%2C%20Waszak%20Geary%2C%20C.%2C%20Tucker%2C%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wedderburn%2C%20M.%20%282009%29.%20The%20influence%20of%20early%20sexual%20debut%20and%20sexual%20violence%20on%20adolescent%20pregnancy%3A%20a%20matched%20case-control%20study%20in%20Jamaica.%20%3Ci%3EInternational%20Perspectives%20on%20Sexual%20and%20Reproductive%20Health%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E35%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2021%26%23x2013%3B28.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1363%5C%2Fifpp.35.021.09%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1363%5C%2Fifpp.35.021.09%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20influence%20of%20early%20sexual%20debut%20and%20sexual%20violence%20on%20adolescent%20pregnancy%3A%20a%20matched%20case-control%20study%20in%20Jamaica%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joy%20Noel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baumgartner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cynthia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waszak%20Geary%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Heidi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tucker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wedderburn%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22CONTEXT%3A%20Contraceptive%20knowledge%20and%20use%20at%20first%20sex%20have%20increased%20over%20time%20among%20Jamaican%20adolescents%2C%20yet%20high%20unintended%20pregnancy%20rates%20persist.%20More%20information%20on%20risk%20factors%20for%20adolescent%20pregnancy%20is%20needed%20to%20inform%20programs.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20Structured%20interviews%20were%20conducted%20with%2015-17-year-old%20females-250%20who%20were%20currently%20pregnant%20and%20500%20sexually%20experienced%2C%20but%20never-pregnant%2C%20neighborhood-matched%20controls.%20Bivariate%20and%20multivariate%20analyses%20were%20used%20to%20examine%20associations%20between%20adolescent%20pregnancy%20and%20early%20sexual%20debut%2C%20sexual%20coercion%20or%20violence%20and%20sexual%20risk-taking%20behaviors.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20Greater%20proportions%20of%20pregnant%20youth%20than%20of%20their%20never-pregnant%20peers%20reported%20having%20had%20first%20sex%20by%20age%2014%20%2854%25%20vs.%2041%25%29%2C%20a%20first%20sexual%20partner%20who%20was%20five%20or%20more%20years%20older%20%2833%25%20vs.%2020%25%29%20or%20multiple%20partners%20%2863%25%20vs.%2050%25%29%3B%20a%20greater%20proportion%20of%20never-pregnant%20youth%20had%20used%20contraceptives%20at%20first%20sex%20%2888%25%20vs.%2080%25%29.%20Almost%20half%20%2849%25%29%20of%20all%20young%20women%20reported%20ever%20having%20experienced%20sexual%20coercion%20or%20violence.%20Compared%20with%20controls%2C%20pregnant%20youth%20had%20greater%20odds%20of%20having%20had%20an%20older%20partner%20at%20first%20sex%20and%20believing%20contraception%20is%20a%20woman%27s%20responsibility%20%28odds%20ratios%2C%201.3%20and%202.1%2C%20respectively%29%2C%20and%20had%20lower%20odds%20of%20ever%20having%20experienced%20sexual%20violence%20and%20thinking%20that%20it%20is%20important%20to%20protect%20oneself%20against%20pregnancy%20%280.5%20and%200.2%2C%20respectively%29.%20An%20interaction%20between%20early%20sexual%20debut%20and%20multiple%20partners%20was%20found.%20Having%20had%20multiple%20partners%20was%20associated%20with%20pregnancy%20only%20for%20youth%20with%20early%20sexual%20debut.%5CnCONCLUSIONS%3A%20Encouraging%20adolescents%20to%20delay%20sexual%20debut%20and%20reduce%20their%20number%20of%20sexual%20partners%20may%20help%20prevent%20unintended%20pregnancies.%20Experiences%20of%20sexual%20coercion%20and%20violence%20were%20common%20among%20both%20groups%2C%20highlighting%20the%20need%20to%20address%20gender-based%20violence%20at%20the%20community%20level.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009-03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1363%5C%2Fifpp.35.021.09%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221944-0391%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22D4WHX9AJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-12-05T07%3A51%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UE28736W%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ward%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWard%2C%20E.%2C%20McCartney%2C%20T.%2C%20Brown%2C%20D.%20W.%2C%20Grant%2C%20A.%2C%20Butchart%2C%20A.%20R.%2C%20Taylor%2C%20M.%2C%20Bhoorasingh%2C%20P.%2C%20Wong%2C%20H.%2C%20Morris%2C%20C.%2C%20Deans-Clarke%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20East%2C%20J.%2C%20Valentine%2C%20C.%2C%20Dundas%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Pinnock%2C%20C.%20%282009%29.%20Results%20of%20an%20exercise%20to%20estimate%20the%20costs%20of%20interpersonal%20violence%20in%20Jamaica.%20%3Ci%3EWest%20Indian%20Medical%20Journal%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E58%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%20446%26%23x2013%3B451.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.safetylit.org%5C%2Fcitations%5C%2Findex.php%3Ffuseaction%3Dcitations.viewdetails%26citationIds%5B%5D%3Dcitjournalarticle_190554_28%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.safetylit.org%5C%2Fcitations%5C%2Findex.php%3Ffuseaction%3Dcitations.viewdetails%26citationIds%5B%5D%3Dcitjournalarticle_190554_28%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Results%20of%20an%20exercise%20to%20estimate%20the%20costs%20of%20interpersonal%20violence%20in%20Jamaica%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ward%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McCartney%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brown%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grant%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexander%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Butchart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Taylor%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bhoorasingh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Morris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deans-Clarke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22East%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Valentine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dundas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinnock%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20report%20describes%20the%20application%20of%20a%20draft%20version%20of%20the%20World%20Health%20Organization%20%28WHO%29%5C%2F%20United%20States%20Centers%20for%20Disease%20Control%20and%20Prevention%20%28CDC%29%20Manual%20for%20estimating%20the%20economic%20costs%20of%20injuries%20due%20to%20interpersonal%20and%20self-directed%20violence%20to%20measure%20costs%20of%20injuries%20from%20interpersonal%20violence.%20METHODS%3A%20Fatal%20incidence%20data%20was%20obtained%20from%20the%20Jamaica%20Constabulary%20Force.%20The%20incidence%20of%20nonfatal%20violence-related%20injuries%20that%20required%20hospitalization%20was%20estimated%20using%20data%20obtained%20from%20patients%20treated%20at%20and%5C%2For%20admitted%20to%20three%20Type%20A%20government%20hospitals%20in%202006.%20RESULTS%3A%20During%202006%2C%20direct%20medical%20cost%20%28J%242.1%20billion%29%20of%20injuries%20due%20to%20interpersonal%20violence%20accounted%20for%20about%2012%25%20of%20Jamaica%27s%20total%20health%20budget%20while%20productivity%20losses%20due%20to%20violence-related%20injuries%20accounted%20for%20approximately%20J%2427.5%20billion%20or%20160%25%20of%20Jamaica%27s%20total%20health%20expenditure%20and%204%25%20of%20Jamaica%27s%20Gross%20Domestic%20Product.%20CONCLUSIONS%3A%20The%20availability%20of%20accurate%20and%20reliable%20data%20of%20the%20highest%20quality%20from%20health-related%20information%20systems%20is%20critical%20for%20providing%20useful%20data%20on%20the%20burden%20of%20violence%20and%20injury%20to%20decision-makers.%20As%20Ministries%20of%20Health%20take%20a%20leading%20role%20in%20violence%20and%20injury%20prevention%2C%20data%20collection%20and%20information%20systems%20must%20have%20a%20central%20role.%20This%20study%20describes%20the%20results%20of%20one%20approach%20to%20examining%20the%20economic%20burden%20of%20interpersonal%20violence%20in%20developing%20countries%20where%20the%20burden%20of%20violence%20is%20heaviest.%20The%20WHO-CDC%20manual%20also%20tested%20in%20Thailand%20and%20Brazil%20is%20a%20first%20step%20towards%20generating%20a%20reference%20point%20for%20resource%20allocation%2C%20priority%20setting%20and%20prevention%20advocacy.%3Cp%20%5C%2F%3E%20%5Cn%3Cp%3ELanguage%3A%20en%3C%5C%2Fp%3E%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220043-3144%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.safetylit.org%5C%2Fcitations%5C%2Findex.php%3Ffuseaction%3Dcitations.viewdetails%26citationIds%5B%5D%3Dcitjournalarticle_190554_28%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22D4WHX9AJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-12-05T07%3A42%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HX57K5PX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Le%20Franc%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELe%20Franc%2C%20E.%2C%20Samms-Vaughan%2C%20M.%2C%20Hambleton%2C%20I.%20R.%2C%20Fox%2C%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Brown%2C%20D.%20%282008%29.%20Interpersonal%20violence%20in%20three%20Caribbean%20countries%3A%20Barbados%2C%20Jamaica%2C%20and%20Trinidad%20and%20Tobago.%20%3Ci%3ERevista%20Panamericana%20de%20Salud%20Publica%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E24%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%286%29%2C%20409%26%23x2013%3B421.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.safetylit.org%5C%2Fcitations%5C%2Findex.php%3Ffuseaction%3Dcitations.viewdetails%26citationIds%5B%5D%3Dcitjournalarticle_94533_20%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.safetylit.org%5C%2Fcitations%5C%2Findex.php%3Ffuseaction%3Dcitations.viewdetails%26citationIds%5B%5D%3Dcitjournalarticle_94533_20%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Interpersonal%20violence%20in%20three%20Caribbean%20countries%3A%20Barbados%2C%20Jamaica%2C%20and%20Trinidad%20and%20Tobago%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Franc%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Samms-Vaughan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ian%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hambleton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fox%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brown%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22OBJECTIVES%3A%20This%20article%20reports%20the%20prevalence%20of%20two%20types%20of%20interpersonal%20violence%20%28IPV%29%20%28sexual%20and%20physical%29%20and%20one%20type%20of%20aggression%20%28psychological%29%20in%20three%20low-to-middle-income%20Caribbean%20countries.%20It%20examines%20IPV%20among%20adolescents%20and%20young%20adults%20as%20both%20victims%20and%20perpetrators.%20METHOD%3A%20This%20population-based%20study%20compares%20the%20experiences%20of%2015-30%20year%20olds%20in%20countries%20at%20different%20levels%20of%20socioeconomic%20development.%20The%20Revised%20Conflict%20Tactics%20Scales%20%28CTS2%29%20and%20other%20behavioral%20instruments%20were%20used%20to%20assess%20the%20level%20and%20characteristics%20of%20IPV.%20RESULTS%3A%20Out%20of%203%20401%20respondents%2C%2070.9%25%20reported%20victimization%20by%20some%20form%20of%20violence%2C%20which%20was%20most%20commonly%20perpetrated%20by%20a%20relationship%20partner%20%2862.8%25%29.%20Sexual%20violence%20victimization%20was%20reported%20more%20commonly%20by%20women%2C%20and%20was%20highest%20in%20Jamaica.%20Significant%20between-country%20differences%20in%20overall%20levels%20of%20reported%20physical%20violence%2C%20and%20psychological%20aggression%2C%20were%20evident%20when%20stratifying%20by%20perpetrator%20type.%20CONCLUSIONS%3A%20The%20very%20high%20levels%20of%20reported%20IPV%20indicate%20very%20high%20levels%20of%20tolerance%20among%20victims%2C%20and%20suggest%20a%20culture%20of%20violence%20and%20of%20adversarial%20intimate%20relationships%20may%20be%20well%20entrenched.%20The%20findings%20support%20the%20view%20that%20co-occurrence%20of%20general%20interpersonal%20violence%20and%20partner%20violence%20may%20be%20limited%2C%20and%20that%20one%20may%20not%20necessarily%20be%20a%20predictor%20of%20the%20other.%20They%20also%20reveal%20that%2C%20among%20partners%2C%20not%20only%20are%20there%20no%20gender%20differentials%20in%20victimization%20by%20physical%20violence%2C%20but%20more%20women%20than%20men%20are%20self-reporting%20as%20perpetrators%20of%20this%20type%20of%20IPV.%3Cp%20%5C%2F%3E%20%5Cn%3Cp%3ELanguage%3A%20en%3C%5C%2Fp%3E%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221020-4989%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.safetylit.org%5C%2Fcitations%5C%2Findex.php%3Ffuseaction%3Dcitations.viewdetails%26citationIds%5B%5D%3Dcitjournalarticle_94533_20%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22D4WHX9AJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-12-05T07%3A54%3A37Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229QJJFE8T%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3EYouth%20research%20working%20paper%20no.%208%3A%20Early%20sexual%20debut%2C%20sexual%20violence%2C%20and%20sexual%20risk-taking%20among%20pregnant%20adolescents%20and%20their%20peers%20in%20Jamaica%20and%20Uganda%2C%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%282008%29.%20Family%20Health%20International.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpdf.usaid.gov%5C%2Fpdf_docs%5C%2FPNADO626.pdf%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpdf.usaid.gov%5C%2Fpdf_docs%5C%2FPNADO626.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Youth%20research%20working%20paper%20no.%208%3A%20Early%20sexual%20debut%2C%20sexual%20violence%2C%20and%20sexual%20risk-taking%20among%20pregnant%20adolescents%20and%20their%20peers%20in%20Jamaica%20and%20Uganda%2C%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22Family%20Health%20International%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpdf.usaid.gov%5C%2Fpdf_docs%5C%2FPNADO626.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22D4WHX9AJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-12-02T12%3A32%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QQT9T4JV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gibbison%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222007%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGibbison%2C%20G.%20A.%20%282007%29.%20Attitude%20towards%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20against%20women%20and%20risky%20sexual%20choices%20of%20Jamaican%20males.%20%3Ci%3EWest%20Indian%20Medical%20Journal%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E56%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2066%26%23x2013%3B71.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.safetylit.org%5C%2Fcitations%5C%2Findex.php%3Ffuseaction%3Dcitations.viewdetails%26citationIds%5B%5D%3Dcitjournalarticle_65961_20%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.safetylit.org%5C%2Fcitations%5C%2Findex.php%3Ffuseaction%3Dcitations.viewdetails%26citationIds%5B%5D%3Dcitjournalarticle_65961_20%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Attitude%20towards%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20against%20women%20and%20risky%20sexual%20choices%20of%20Jamaican%20males%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gibbison%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22For%20young%20Jamaican%20men%2C%20it%20is%20necessary%20to%20prove%20their%20virility%20to%20their%20peers%20and%20prove%20to%20their%20parents%20that%20they%20are%20of%20heterosexual%20orientation.%20These%20demands%20have%20produced%20a%20society%20in%20which%20men%20are%20sexually%20aggressive%2C%20even%20to%20the%20point%20of%20using%20violence%20to%20control%20the%20sexual%20choices%20of%20women.%20This%20paper%20examines%20whether%20Jamaican%20men%20who%20support%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20%28IPV%29%20against%20women%20are%20more%20likely%20to%20have%20unsafe%20sexual%20practices%20and%20social%20attitudes%20that%20could%20increase%20women%20%27s%20risk%20of%20contracting%20sexually%20transmitted%20infections.%20Men%20who%20responded%20%27yes%27%20to%20violence%20against%20women%20are%20more%20likely%20themselves%20to%20have%20multiple%20sexual%20partners%20and%20less%20likely%20to%20use%20condoms%20consistently.%20They%20are%20also%20more%20likely%20to%20have%20forced%20a%20partner%20to%20have%20sex%20within%20the%20last%20year.%20Multivariate%20regression%20analysis%20shows%20that%20men%20who%20responded%20%27yes%27%20to%20IPV%20are%20likely%20to%20be%20young%2C%20less%20educated%20and%20living%20in%20urban%20areas.%20Clearly%2C%20women%20in%20certain%20regions%20or%20subpopulations%20face%20an%20increased%20risk%20of%20contracting%20sexually%20transmitted%20infections%20due%20to%20the%20sexual%20choices%20of%20their%20partners.%20Intervention%20programmes%20to%20reduce%20sexually%20transmitted%20infections%20need%20to%20be%20developed%20with%20specific%20aspects%20of%20the%20cultural%20context%20of%20sexual%20relationships%20in%20mind.%20It%20seems%20especially%20important%20that%20male%20sexual%20choices%20and%20attitudes%20be%20directly%20addressed.%20Specific%20suggestions%20are%20made%20about%20an%20approach%20that%20has%20a%20proven%20record%20of%20success%20in%20reducing%20risky%20practices%20in%20high%20risk%20groups.%3Cp%20%5C%2F%3E%20%5Cn%3Cp%3ELanguage%3A%20en%3C%5C%2Fp%3E%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222007%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220043-3144%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.safetylit.org%5C%2Fcitations%5C%2Findex.php%3Ffuseaction%3Dcitations.viewdetails%26citationIds%5B%5D%3Dcitjournalarticle_65961_20%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22D4WHX9AJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-12-05T08%3A01%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WK237EFE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006-06-21%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3ESexual%20violence%20against%20women%20and%20girls%20in%20Jamaica%3A%20%26%23x201C%3BJust%20a%20little%20sex%26%23x201D%3B.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%282006%29.%20Amnesty%20International.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amnesty.org%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fdocuments%5C%2FAMR38%5C%2F002%5C%2F2006%5C%2Fen%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amnesty.org%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fdocuments%5C%2FAMR38%5C%2F002%5C%2F2006%5C%2Fen%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Sexual%20violence%20against%20women%20and%20girls%20in%20Jamaica%3A%20%5Cu201cJust%20a%20little%20sex%5Cu201d.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22Amnesty%20International%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2221%20June%202006%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amnesty.org%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fdocuments%5C%2FAMR38%5C%2F002%5C%2F2006%5C%2Fen%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22D4WHX9AJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-12-02T12%3A45%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22V8VTAAAG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3EViolence%20against%20children%20in%20the%20Caribbean%20region.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%282006%29.%20Regional%20Assessment%20UN%20Secretary%20General%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Study%20on%20Violence%20against%20Children.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fresourcecentre.savethechildren.net%5C%2Fdocument%5C%2Fviolence-against-children-caribbean-region-regional-assessment%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fresourcecentre.savethechildren.net%5C%2Fdocument%5C%2Fviolence-against-children-caribbean-region-regional-assessment%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Violence%20against%20children%20in%20the%20Caribbean%20region.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22Regional%20Assessment%20UN%20Secretary%20General%5Cu2019s%20Study%20on%20Violence%20against%20Children%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fresourcecentre.savethechildren.net%5C%2Fdocument%5C%2Fviolence-against-children-caribbean-region-regional-assessment%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22D4WHX9AJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-12-02T13%3A00%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Samms-Vaughan, M., Coore-Desai, C., Reece, J.-A., & Pellington, S. (2024). Epidemiology of violence against young children in Jamaica. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2024.2342585
Lee, K. A., Priestley, S. R., & Hylton, K. K. (2022). Mental health and behavioral outcomes among Jamaican women: The role of childhood abuse & witnessing parental violence. Children and Youth Services Review, 140, 106588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106588
Francis, T., & Baker-Henningham, H. (2021). The Irie Homes Toolbox: A cluster randomized controlled trial of an early childhood parenting program to prevent violence against children in Jamaica. Children and Youth Services Review, 126, 106060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106060
Pottinger, A. M., Bailey, A., & Passard, N. (2019). Archival data review of intimate partner homicide-suicide in Jamaica, 2007 – 2017: focus on mental health and community response. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 43, e99. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2019.99
Priestley, S., & Lee, K. A. (2019). Understanding IPV perpetration among young Jamaican men: the role of socialization and attitudinal factors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, ePub(ePub), 886260519854553. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519854553
Baker-Henningham, H., & Francis, T. (2018). Parents’ use of harsh punishment and young children’s behaviour and achievement: a longitudinal study of Jamaican children with conduct problems. Global Mental Health (Cambridge, England), 5, e32. https://doi.org/10.1017/gmh.2018.21
Logie, C. H., Wang, Y., Lacombe-Duncan, A., Jones, N., Ahmed, U., Levermore, K., Neil, A., Ellis, T., Bryan, N., Marshall, A., & Newman, P. A. (2017). Factors associated with sex work involvement among transgender women in Jamaica: a cross-sectional study. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 20(1), 21422. https://doi.org/10.7448/IAS.20.01/21422
Jamaica: National Policy for Gender Equality. (2011). http://japarliament.gov.jm/attachments/461_National%20Policy%20for%20Gender%20Equality%20%28NPGE%29.pdf
Baumgartner, J. N., Waszak Geary, C., Tucker, H., & Wedderburn, M. (2009). The influence of early sexual debut and sexual violence on adolescent pregnancy: a matched case-control study in Jamaica. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 35(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1363/ifpp.35.021.09
Ward, E., McCartney, T., Brown, D. W., Grant, A., Butchart, A. R., Taylor, M., Bhoorasingh, P., Wong, H., Morris, C., Deans-Clarke, A. M., East, J., Valentine, C., Dundas, S., & Pinnock, C. (2009). Results of an exercise to estimate the costs of interpersonal violence in Jamaica. West Indian Medical Journal, 58(5), 446–451. https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_190554_28
Le Franc, E., Samms-Vaughan, M., Hambleton, I. R., Fox, K., & Brown, D. (2008). Interpersonal violence in three Caribbean countries: Barbados, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica, 24(6), 409–421. https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_94533_20
Youth research working paper no. 8: Early sexual debut, sexual violence, and sexual risk-taking among pregnant adolescents and their peers in Jamaica and Uganda,. (2008). Family Health International. https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADO626.pdf
Gibbison, G. A. (2007). Attitude towards intimate partner violence against women and risky sexual choices of Jamaican males. West Indian Medical Journal, 56(1), 66–71. https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_65961_20
Sexual violence against women and girls in Jamaica: “Just a little sex”. (2006). Amnesty International. https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/AMR38/002/2006/en/
Violence against children in the Caribbean region. (2006). Regional Assessment UN Secretary General’s Study on Violence against Children. https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/document/violence-against-children-caribbean-region-regional-assessment/
