9542089
J98Z33Q3
1
apa
50
date
desc
2438
https://www.svri.org/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%224HBKVIE9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sonthon%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-10-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESonthon%2C%20P.%2C%20Janma%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wichaidit%2C%20W.%20%282024%29.%20Variations%20in%20the%20association%20between%20polygyny%20and%20experience%20of%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20by%20husband%26%23x2019%3Bs%20alcohol%20consumption%3A%20a%20cross-sectional%20study%20among%20postpartum%20women%20in%20Thailand.%20%3Ci%3EBMC%20Public%20Health%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E24%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%202735.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs12889-024-20281-7%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs12889-024-20281-7%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Variations%20in%20the%20association%20between%20polygyny%20and%20experience%20of%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20by%20husband%5Cu2019s%20alcohol%20consumption%3A%20a%20cross-sectional%20study%20among%20postpartum%20women%20in%20Thailand%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paithoon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sonthon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Narumon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Janma%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wit%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wichaidit%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Intimate%20partner%20violence%20is%20more%20common%20in%20polygynous%20couples%20than%20monogamous%20couples%2C%20but%20the%20extent%20that%20this%20association%20is%20modified%20by%20the%20husband%5Cu2019s%20alcohol%20consumption%20is%20unknown.%20The%20objectives%20of%20this%20study%20are%3A%20%281%29%20To%20describe%20the%20extent%20to%20which%20polygyny%20is%20associated%20with%20self-reported%20experience%20of%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20among%20women%20receiving%20postpartum%20care%3B%20%282%29%20To%20describe%20the%20extent%20to%20which%20the%20mentioned%20association%20is%20modified%20by%20the%20husband%5Cu2019s%20alcohol%20consumption.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-10-08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1186%5C%2Fs12889-024-20281-7%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221471-2458%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs12889-024-20281-7%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J98Z33Q3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-11-11T13%3A58%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZJGT6Z5D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chuemchit%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-05-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChuemchit%2C%20M.%2C%20Linn%2C%20N.%2C%20Han%2C%20C.%20P.%20P.%2C%20Lynn%2C%20Z.%2C%20Chernkwanma%2C%20S.%2C%20Taneepanichskul%2C%20N.%2C%20Sirichokchatchawan%2C%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Somrongthong%2C%20R.%20%282024%29.%20Discrimination%20and%20violence%20against%20women%20migrant%20workers%20in%20Thailand%20during%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic%3A%20A%20mixed-methods%20study.%20%3Ci%3EPLOS%20ONE%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E19%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%20e0300388.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0300388%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0300388%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Discrimination%20and%20violence%20against%20women%20migrant%20workers%20in%20Thailand%20during%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic%3A%20A%20mixed-methods%20study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Montakarn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chuemchit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nyan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Linn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chit%20Pyae%20Pyae%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Han%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zayar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lynn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Suttharuethai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chernkwanma%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nutta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Taneepanichskul%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wandee%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sirichokchatchawan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ratana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Somrongthong%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%20Women%20migrant%20workers%20are%20vulnerable%20to%20discrimination%20and%20violence%2C%20which%20are%20significant%20public%20health%20problems.%20These%20situations%20may%20have%20been%20intensified%20during%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic.%20This%20study%20aimed%20to%20investigate%20discrimination%20against%20women%20migrant%20workers%20in%20Thailand%20during%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic%20and%20its%20intersection%20with%20their%20experiences%20of%20violence%20and%20associated%20factors.%20Methods%20A%20mixed-methods%20study%20design%20was%20employed%20to%20collect%20data%20from%20572%20women%20migrant%20workers%20from%20Myanmar%2C%20Lao%20People%5Cu2019s%20Democratic%20Republic%2C%20and%20Cambodia.%20Face-to-face%20interviews%20were%20conducted%20with%20494%20participants%20using%20a%20structured%20questionnaire%20for%20quantitative%20data%2C%20whereas%20qualitative%20data%20was%20collected%20through%2024%20in-depth%20interviews%20and%20focus%20group%20discussions%20with%2054%20migrant%20women.%20Simple%20and%20multiple%20logistic%20regression%20and%20content%20analysis%20were%20employed.%20Results%20This%20study%20found%20that%20about%20one%20in%20five%20women%20migrant%20workers%20experienced%20discrimination%20during%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic.%20Among%20those%20who%20experienced%20discrimination%2C%2063.2%25%20had%20experienced%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20and%2076.4%25%20had%20experienced%20non-intimate%20partner%20violence%20in%20their%20lifetime.%20The%20multivariable%20analysis%20revealed%20that%20women%20migrant%20workers%20who%20had%20experienced%20any%20violence%20%28AOR%20%3D%202.76%2C%2095%25%20CI%20%3D%201.49%2C%205.12%29%2C%20lost%20their%20jobs%20or%20income%20during%20the%20pandemic%20%28AOR%20%3D%203.99%2C%2095%25%20CI%20%3D%202.09%2C%207.62%29%2C%20and%20were%20from%20Myanmar%20%28AOR%20%3D%204.68%2C%2095%25%20CI%20%3D%201.79%2C%2012.21%29%20were%20more%20likely%20to%20have%20experienced%20discrimination.%20Conclusion%20The%20results%20suggest%20that%20the%20intersection%20of%20discrimination%20and%20violence%20against%20women%20migrant%20workers%20in%20Thailand%20demands%20special%20interest%20to%20understand%20and%20address%20the%20problem.%20It%20is%20recommended%20that%20policymakers%20provide%20interventions%20and%20programs%20that%20are%20inclusive%20and%20responsive%20to%20the%20unique%20needs%20of%20women%20migrants%20depending%20on%20their%20country%20of%20origin%20and%20job%20profile.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22May%203%2C%202024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0300388%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221932-6203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.plos.org%5C%2Fplosone%5C%2Farticle%3Fid%3D10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0300388%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J98Z33Q3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-05-15T08%3A59%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JXM4G3CT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kanyajit%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-08-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKanyajit%2C%20D.%20S.%2C%20Poonyarith%2C%20D.%20S.%2C%20Sokantat%2C%20N.%2C%20Mahakeeta%2C%20D.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Nakpong%2C%20D.%20P.%20%282023%29.%20Building%20Prevention%20Tools%20for%20Sexual%20Violence%20in%20Family%2C%20School%20and%20Community%20of%20Thailand.%20%3Ci%3EInternational%20Journal%20of%20Criminal%20Justice%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E18%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20267%26%23x2013%3B280.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fijcjs.com%5C%2Fmenu-script%5C%2Findex.php%5C%2Fijcjs%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F641%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fijcjs.com%5C%2Fmenu-script%5C%2Findex.php%5C%2Fijcjs%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F641%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Building%20Prevention%20Tools%20for%20Sexual%20Violence%20in%20Family%2C%20School%20and%20Community%20of%20Thailand%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dr%20Sunee%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kanyajit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dr%20Suppakorn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Poonyarith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Natthapon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sokantat%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dr%20Chatchai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahakeeta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dr%20Patcharapan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nakpong%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Sexual%20violence%20can%20occur%20with%20people%20of%20all%20genders%2C%20sexual%20orientations%2C%20and%20age%20groups.%20The%20current%20study%20was%20carried%20out%20for%20building%20of%20prevention%20tools%20for%20checking%20sexual%20violence%20in%20family%2C%20schools%20and%20communities%20of%20Thailand%20via%20a%20mixed%20research%20design.%20The%20study%20aimed%20to%20investigate%20understanding%20of%20sexual%20violence%20and%20participants%5Cu2019%20opinions%20toward%20making%20prevention%20tools%20of%20sexual%20violence%20in%20family%2C%20school%20and%20community.%20The%20quantitative%20stage%20employed%20a%20questionnaire%20to%20collect%20data%20from%20parents%20and%5C%2For%20guardians%2C%20school%20administrators%20and%20teachers%20at%20the%20secondary%20school%2C%20and%20community%20leaders%20and%20other%20individuals%20in%20the%20community.%20The%20sample%20size%20for%20the%20quantitative%20step%20was%202%2C420%20participants%20while%20the%20qualitative%20step%20was%20conducted%20with%2030%20informants%20through%20Focus%20group%20discussion.%20These%2030%20key%20informants%20included%20police%20officers%2C%20public%20prosecutors%2C%20judges%2C%20correctional%20officers%2C%20officers%20from%20juvenile%20detention%20center%2C%20Ministry%20of%20Education%2C%20Ministry%20of%20Public%20Health%2C%20and%20governing%20officers%20from%20the%20Department%20of%20Provincial%20Administration%2C%20mass%20communication%20specialist%20and%20legal%20specialists.%20%26nbsp%3BThe%20results%20revealed%20that%20creating%20prevention%20tool%20for%20sexual%20violence%20needed%20cooperation%20among%20family%2C%20educational%20institution%20and%20community.%20In%20a%20family%2C%20parents%20or%20guardians%20should%20act%20as%20good%20role%20model%20and%20not%20demonstrate%20any%20inappropriate%20behavior%20that%20could%20stimulate%20a%20sexual%20assault.%20At%20schools%2C%20safety%20measures%20should%20be%20established%20and%20students%20should%20be%20educated%20on%20self-prevention%20from%20becoming%20victims%20of%20crime.%20In%20the%20community%2C%20people%20must%20help%20each%20other%20to%20monitor%20the%20population%20and%20create%20a%20safe%20environment%20to%20reduce%20crime.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-08-05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fijcjs.com%5C%2Fmenu-script%5C%2Findex.php%5C%2Fijcjs%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F641%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J98Z33Q3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-12T10%3A35%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Z9BRFP2P%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Napa%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-06-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ENapa%2C%20W.%2C%20Neelapaichit%2C%20N.%2C%20Kongsakon%2C%20R.%2C%20Chotivitayataragorn%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Udomsubpayakul%2C%20U.%20%282023%29.%20Impacts%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20family%20violence%20in%20Thailand%3A%20prevalence%20and%26%23xA0%3Binfluencing%20factors.%20%3Ci%3EBMC%20Women%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Health%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E23%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20294.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs12905-023-02440-x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs12905-023-02440-x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Impacts%20of%20COVID-19%20on%20family%20violence%20in%20Thailand%3A%20prevalence%20and%5Cu00a0influencing%20factors%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wilai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Napa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nareemarn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Neelapaichit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ronachai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kongsakon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Somporn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chotivitayataragorn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Umaporn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Udomsubpayakul%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20The%20COVID-19%20pandemic%20drastically%20affected%20societies%20globally%2C%20prompting%20rising%20unemployment%2C%20insufficient%20household%20incomes%2C%20and%20stress%20and%20undermining%5Cu00a0women%27s%20and%20children%27s%20health%20within%20families.%20This%20study%20examined%20family%20violence%20and%20identified%20influencing%5Cu00a0factors%20during%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic%20in%20Thailand.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20A%20mixed-method%20design%20was%20used%2C%20entailing%20a%20questionnaire%20followed%20by%20focus%20group%20interviews.%20A%20cross-sectional%20survey%20was%20administered%20to%20investigate%20family%20violence%20among%201285%20female%20respondents%20aged%2015%5Cu00a0years%20and%20above%20who%20were%20recruited%20through%20stratified%20sampling.%20The%5Cu00a0Cronbach%20alpha%20and%20and%20inter-raters%20Kappa%20coefficient%20values%20for%20the%20questionnaire%20were%200.67%20and%5Cu00a01.00%2C%20respectively.%20In%20addition%2C%20a%20descriptive%20qualitative%20instrument%20was%20employed%20to%20analyze%20the%20data%20sets%20from%20four%20focus%20group%20interviews%20held%5Cu00a0with%2032%20staff%20members%5Cu00a0from%20agencies%20that%20deal%20with%20family%20violence.%20The%20researchers%20jointly%20developed%20the%20focus%20group%20questions%2C%20which%20focused%20on%5Cu00a0the%20impacts%20of%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic%20on%20family%20violence.%20They%20independently%20analyzed%20data%20using%20content%20analysis.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20The%20majority%20of%20the%20study%5Cu00a0participants%20were%20aged%20above%5Cu00a045%5Cu00a0years%20%28%3E50%25%29%2C%20married%20%2861.1%25%29%2C%20lived%20in%20single-family%5Cu00a0settings%20%2852.5%25%29%2C%20had%20lost%20their%20jobs%20%2864.4%25%29%2C%20and%20had%20economic%20constraints%20that%20were%5Cu00a0moderate%20%2837.8%25%29%5Cu00a0to%20severe%20%2840.6%25%29.%20The%20prevalence%20of%20family%20violence%2C%20which%20was%20primarily%20physical%2C%20was%2042.2%25.%20Family%20income%2C%20stress%2C%20and%20substance%20abuse%20were%20the%20main%20factors%5Cu00a0associated%20with%20family%20violence.%20These%5Cu00a0findings%20were%20correlated%20with%20those%5Cu00a0from%20the%20qualitative%20interviews.%5CnCONCLUSIONS%3A%20The%20COVID-19%20pandemic%5Cu00a0had%20indirect%20impacts%20through%20family%20violence.%20Women%20were%20subjected%20to%20family%20violence%20behaviors%2C%20which%20were%20associated%20with%20household%20income%2C%20economic%20status%2C%20stress%2C%20and%20substance%20abuse.%20These%20behaviors%5Cu00a0included%20psychological%20and%20physical%20violence%2C%20as%20well%20as%20sexual%20abuse.%20Future%20interventions%20should%5Cu00a0focus%20on%20financial%20support%20and%20stress%20reduction.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-06-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1186%5C%2Fs12905-023-02440-x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221472-6874%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J98Z33Q3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-08-31T11%3A40%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KG7SGQ29%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Singkhorn%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-02-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESingkhorn%2C%20O.%2C%20Apidechkul%2C%20T.%2C%20Srichan%2C%20P.%2C%20Mulikaburt%2C%20T.%2C%20Kitchanapaibul%2C%20S.%2C%20Udplong%2C%20A.%2C%20Upala%2C%20P.%2C%20Chomchoei%2C%20C.%2C%20Yeemard%2C%20F.%2C%20Tamornpark%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wongnuch%2C%20P.%20%282023%29.%20Influences%20and%20patterns%20of%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20among%20married%20Akha%20and%20Lahu%20women%20in%20northern%20Thailand.%20%3Ci%3EBMC%20Public%20Health%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E23%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20228.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs12889-023-15162-4%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs12889-023-15162-4%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Influences%20and%20patterns%20of%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20among%20married%20Akha%20and%20Lahu%20women%20in%20northern%20Thailand%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Onnalin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Singkhorn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tawatchai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Apidechkul%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peeradone%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Srichan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thanatchaporn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mulikaburt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Siwarak%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kitchanapaibul%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anusorn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Udplong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Panupong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Upala%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chalitar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chomchoei%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fartima%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yeemard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ratipark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tamornpark%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pilasinee%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wongnuch%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20Intimate%20partner%20violence%20%28IPV%29%20is%20a%20major%20global%20public%20health%20problem.%20Women%20are%20the%20principal%20victims%20of%20IPV%2C%20and%20some%20special%20populations%20have%20been%20particularly%20impacted.%20The%20Akha%20and%20Lahu%20women%20are%20vulnerable%20populations%20for%20IPV%20due%20to%20the%20modernization%20and%20changes%20of%20their%20culture%20and%20norms.%20This%20study%20aimed%20to%20understand%20premarriage%20factors%20related%20to%20IPV%2C%20including%20associated%20factors%2C%20influencers%2C%20patterns%20and%20impacts%2C%20in%20Akha%20and%20Lahu%20women%20in%20Thailand.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20A%20qualitative%20method%20was%20used%20to%20gather%20information%20among%20Akha%20and%20Lahu%20women%20who%20had%20experienced%20IPV%20in%20the%20previous%20year%20and%20were%20fluent%20in%20Thai.%20Women%20who%20had%20experienced%20IPV%20in%20the%20previous%20year%20and%20lived%20in%20the%20border%20area%20of%20Thailand%20and%20Myanmar%20were%20invited%20to%20provide%20information.%20A%20thematic%20analysis%20was%20used%20to%20extract%20information%20from%20the%20participants%20and%20develop%20findings.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20A%20total%20of%20fifty-two%20married%20women%20were%20recruited%20into%20the%20study%3A%2046.2%25%20were%20Akha%20and%2053.8%25%20were%20Lahu.%20Those%20married%20Akha%20and%20Lahu%20women%20younger%20than%2039%20years%20found%20their%20partner%20through%20social%20media%2C%20had%20conditions%20before%20getting%20married%2C%20had%20high%20self-confidence%2C%20and%20tended%20to%20marry%20people%20from%20different%20tribes.%20While%20those%20aged%2040%20years%20and%20over%20met%20their%20husbands%20in%20village%20activities%2C%20were%20highly%20compliant%20with%20the%20norms%20of%20their%20culture%2C%20and%20married%20men%20from%20the%20same%20tribe.%20Three%20factors%20were%20detected%20as%20associated%20factors%20of%20IPV%3A%20cultural%20differences%20between%20partners%20from%20different%20tribes%2C%20substance%20use%2C%20and%20personality.%20Differences%20in%20age%20between%20partners%2C%20living%20in%20poor%20family%20economic%20status%2C%20and%20poor%20education%20were%20also%20detected%20as%20influencers%20of%20IPV.%20Four%20patterns%20of%20IPV%20were%20observed%20among%20Akha%20and%20Lahu%20married%20women%3A%20neglect%2C%20emotional%20abuse%2C%20verbal%20abuse%2C%20and%20physical%20abuse.%20Several%20patterns%20of%20the%20impacts%20were%20presented%3A%20children%20were%20neglected%2C%20especially%20in%20the%20preparation%20of%20daily%20food%2C%20having%20stress%2C%20having%20poor%20family%20relationships%2C%20and%20having%20children%20with%20unsuccessful%20lives%20in%20terms%20of%20education%20and%20getting%20a%20good%20job.%20Almost%20all%20married%20Akha%20and%20Lahu%20women%20had%20no%20particular%20expectations%20in%20their%20lives.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20Akha%20and%20Lahu%20women%20face%20IPV%20problems%20with%20several%20key%20influences%20and%20impacts.%20Effective%20implementations%20are%20required%20to%20monitor%20and%20reduce%20the%20problem%20in%20the%20Akha%20and%20Lahu%20families%2C%20especially%20where%20the%20women%20are%20younger%20than%2040%20years%20old%20and%20married%20to%20men%20from%20different%20tribes.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-02-02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1186%5C%2Fs12889-023-15162-4%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221471-2458%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J98Z33Q3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-08-31T11%3A40%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228NV2KXUG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Panjaphothiwat%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPanjaphothiwat%2C%20N.%2C%20Tamornpark%2C%20R.%2C%20Apidechkul%2C%20T.%2C%20Seeprasert%2C%20P.%2C%20Singkhorn%2C%20O.%2C%20Upala%2C%20P.%2C%20Thutsanti%2C%20P.%2C%20Yeemard%2C%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sunsern%2C%20R.%20%282021%29.%20Factors%20associated%20with%20domestic%20violence%20in%20the%20Lahu%20hill%20tribe%20of%20northern%20Thailand%3A%20A%20cross-sectional%20study.%20%3Ci%3EPloS%20One%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E16%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20e0248587.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0248587%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0248587%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Factors%20associated%20with%20domestic%20violence%20in%20the%20Lahu%20hill%20tribe%20of%20northern%20Thailand%3A%20A%20cross-sectional%20study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicharuch%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Panjaphothiwat%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ratipark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tamornpark%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tawatchai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Apidechkul%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Prapamon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seeprasert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Onnalin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Singkhorn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Panupong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Upala%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Phitnaree%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thutsanti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fartima%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yeemard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachanee%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sunsern%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20Domestic%20violence%20significantly%20affects%20physical%20and%20mental%20health%2C%20particularly%20among%20children%2C%20women%2C%20and%20the%20elderly.%20Living%20in%20certain%20family%20environments%20could%20lead%20to%20victimization%20by%20domestic%20violence%2C%20especially%20among%20families%20with%20a%20poor%20socioeconomic%20status%2C%20such%20as%20the%20Lahu%20hill%20tribe%20people%20in%20Thailand.%20This%20study%20aimed%20to%20estimate%20the%20prevalence%20of%20and%20determine%20the%20factors%20associated%20with%20domestic%20violence%20among%20Lahu%20children%2C%20women%2C%20and%20the%20elderly.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20A%20cross-sectional%20study%20was%20conducted%20of%20participants%20who%20belonged%20to%20the%20Lahu%20hill%20tribe%20and%20lived%20in%2020%20selected%20villages%20in%20Chiang%20Rai%20Province%2C%20Thailand.%20A%20validated%20questionnaire%20was%20used%20to%20collect%20personal%20information%20and%20information%20regarding%20experiences%20related%20to%20domestic%20violence%20in%20the%20past%20year%20from%20children%20%28aged%205-15%20years%29%2C%20women%20%28aged%2016-59%20years%29%2C%20and%20the%20elderly%20%28aged%2060%20years%20and%20over%29.%20A%20binary%20logistic%20regression%20was%20used%20to%20detect%20associations%20between%20the%20variables.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20A%20total%20of%20646%20participants%20were%20recruited%20into%20the%20study%2C%20specifically%2C%2098%20children%20aged%205-15%20years%2C%20430%20women%20aged%2016-59%20years%2C%20and%20118%20elderly%20people.%20Children%20who%20smoked%20%28AOR%20%3D%208.70%3B%2095%25CI%20%3D%201.27-59.45%29%20had%20greater%20odds%20of%20experiencing%20domestic%20violence%20than%20children%20who%20did%20not%20smoke.%20Women%20who%20had%20a%20role%20as%20a%20family%20member%20%28AOR%20%3D%201.59%3B%2095%25CI%20%3D%201.02-2.50%29%2C%20used%20alcohol%20%28AOR%20%3D%203.36%3B%2095%25CI%20%3D%202.27-4.99%29%2C%20lived%20in%20a%20family%20with%20financial%20problems%20%28AOR%20%3D%204.01%3B%2095%25CI%20%3D%202.52-7.66%29%2C%20and%20lived%20with%20a%20family%20member%20who%20uses%20alcohol%20%28AOR%20%3D%202.87%3B%2095%25CI%20%3D%202.20-5.63%29%20had%20greater%20odds%20of%20suffering%20domestic%20violence%20than%20women%20who%20did%20not%20share%20these%20characteristics.%20The%20elderly%20who%20used%20alcohol%20%28AOR%20%3D%203.25%2C%2095%25CI%20%3D%201.08-9.81%29%2C%20lived%20with%20a%20family%20member%20who%20uses%20alcohol%20%28AOR%20%3D%203.31%3B%2095%25CI%20%3D%201.26-7.34%29%2C%20or%20lived%20in%20a%20family%20with%20financial%20problems%20in%20the%20past%20year%20%28AOR%20%3D%202.16%3B%2095%25CI%20%3D%201.16-8.77%29%20had%20greater%20odds%20of%20facing%20domestic%20violence%20than%20the%20elderly%20who%20did%20not%20have%20these%20characteristics.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20Family%20financial%20problems%20and%20substance%20use%20are%20associated%20with%20domestic%20violence%20in%20Lahu%20families%20in%20Thailand.%20Health%20interventions%20to%20reduce%20the%20use%20of%20substances%2C%20including%20training%20programs%20to%20respond%20to%20domestic%20violence%2C%20should%20be%20promoted%20for%20Lahu%20children%2C%20women%2C%20and%20the%20elderly.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0248587%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221932-6203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J98Z33Q3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-08-31T11%3A40%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223KKKEZJH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bjarneg%5Cu00e5rd%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBjarneg%26%23xE5%3Brd%2C%20E.%2C%20Broun%26%23xE9%3Bus%2C%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Melander%2C%20E.%20%282019%29.%20Violent%20boyhoods%2C%20masculine%20honor%20ideology%2C%20and%20political%20violence%3A%20survey%20findings%20from%20Thailand.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Interpersonal%20Violence%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3EePub%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%28ePub%29%2C%20886260519832926.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0886260519832926%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0886260519832926%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Violent%20boyhoods%2C%20masculine%20honor%20ideology%2C%20and%20political%20violence%3A%20survey%20findings%20from%20Thailand%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bjarneg%5Cu00e5rd%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Broun%5Cu00e9us%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Melander%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Throughout%20history%2C%20those%20who%20have%20participated%20in%20political%20violence%20have%20predominantly%20been%20male%20young%20adults.%20At%20the%20same%20time%2C%20we%20know%20that%20most%20young%20men%20will%20not%20use%20violence%20for%20political%20protest.%20So%20what%20distinguishes%20those%20who%20do%20from%20those%20who%20do%20not%3F%20In%20this%20article%2C%20we%20link%20psychological%20research%20on%20the%20intergenerational%20effects%20of%20violence%20in%20the%20family%20to%20violence%20in%20the%20political%20arena.%20We%20ask%20to%20what%20extent%20experiences%20of%20violence%20as%20a%20child%20are%20associated%20with%20participation%20in%20political%20violence%20as%20an%20adult.%20Our%20overarching%20argument%20is%20that%20family-of-origin%20violence%20may%20not%20only%20have%20serious%20negative%2C%20intergenerational%20effects%20on%20health%20and%20well-being%20but%20also%20on%20future%20spirals%20of%20violence%20for%20the%20individual.%20Family-of-origin%20violence%20may%20also%20lead%20to%20an%20increased%20risk%20of%20using%20violence%20for%20political%20purposes%20due%20to%20the%20diffusion%20of%20violence%20norms%2C%20whereby%20violence%20is%20seen%20as%20a%20just%20and%20appropriate%20response%20to%20conflict.%20We%20test%20this%20claim%20using%20micro-level%20data%20from%20the%20Survey%20on%20Gender%2C%20Politics%2C%20and%20Violence%20in%20Thailand%2C%20conducted%20in%202012-2013.%20For%20our%20analyses%2C%20we%20zoom%20in%20on%20men%20from%20a%20specific%20cluster%20sample%20of%20the%20survey%3A%20200%20political%20activist%20interviewees-100%20Red%20Shirts%20and%20100%20Yellow%20Shirts.%20The%20results%20support%20our%20claim.%20We%20find%20that%20experiences%20of%20family%20violence%20as%20a%20child%20increase%20the%20risk%20of%20participating%20in%20political%20violence%20as%20an%20adult%20among%20male%20political%20activists%20in%20Thailand.%20Our%20study%20suggests%20one%20imperative%20policy%20implication%3A%20Violence%20prevention%20measures%20at%20the%20individual%20level-against%20corporal%20punishment%20of%20children%20or%20violence%20against%20women-may%20have%20critical%20implications%20also%20for%20decreasing%20the%20risk%20for%20and%20prevalence%20of%20political%20violence%20and%20armed%20conflict%20in%20society.%3Cp%20%5C%2F%3E%20%5Cn%3Cp%3ELanguage%3A%20en%3C%5C%2Fp%3E%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F0886260519832926%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220886-2605%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.safetylit.org%5C%2Fcitations%5C%2Findex.php%3Ffuseaction%3Dcitations.viewdetails%26citationIds%5B%5D%3Dcitjournalarticle_607524_20%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J98Z33Q3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-14T09%3A41%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2236FWZECT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pengpid%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-02-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPengpid%2C%20S.%2C%20Peltzer%2C%20K.%2C%20Laosee%2C%20O.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Suthisukon%2C%20K.%20%282018%29.%20Intimate%20partner%20sexual%20violence%20and%20risk%20for%20femicide%2C%20suicidality%20and%20substance%20use%20among%20women%20in%20antenatal%20care%20and%20general%20out-patients%20in%20Thailand.%20%3Ci%3EBMC%20Women%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Health%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E18%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%2037.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs12905-018-0526-z%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs12905-018-0526-z%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Intimate%20partner%20sexual%20violence%20and%20risk%20for%20femicide%2C%20suicidality%20and%20substance%20use%20among%20women%20in%20antenatal%20care%20and%20general%20out-patients%20in%20Thailand%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Supa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pengpid%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karl%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peltzer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Orapin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laosee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kawinarat%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Suthisukon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20Little%20is%20known%20about%20the%20occurrence%20and%20health%20consequences%20of%20intimate%20partner%20sexual%20assault.%20The%20aim%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20assess%20the%20prevalence%20and%20correlates%20of%20sexual%20assault%20in%20the%20context%20of%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20%28IPV%29%20in%20Thailand.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20In%20a%20cross-sectional%20survey%20adult%20female%20participants%20were%20systematically%20screened%20%28self-administered%20or%20interview%20administered%29%20for%20IPV%20in%20antenatal%20care%20and%20general%20outpatient%20clinics%20in%20nine%20randomly%20selected%20hospitals%20in%20two%20provinces%20in%20the%20central%20region.%20Measures%20included%20the%20Abuse%20Assessment%20Screen%2C%20Severity%20of%20Violence%20Against%20Women%20Scale%2C%20Danger%20assessment%20and%20suicidal%20behaviour.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20From%2014%2C288%20women%20screened%2C%201.5%25%20were%20positive%20for%20IPV%20and%20207%20participated%20in%20the%20study.%20The%20mean%20age%20of%20the%20study%20participants%20was%2026.8%5Cu00a0years%20%28SD%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20099.3%29.%20Fifty-seven%20women%2C%2027.5%25%20of%20the%20sample%2C%20reported%20sexual%20assault%2C%20one%20or%20more%20times%2C%20during%20the%20relationship%20in%20the%20past%2012%5Cu00a0months.%20Most%20reported%20some%20form%20of%20psychological%20abuse%20%2882.1%25%29%2C%20physical%20violence%20%2867.1%25%29%20and%20danger%20%2872.0%25%29.%20In%20all%2C%2021.3%25%20reported%20psychological%2C%20physical%20and%20sexual%20violence.%20Bivariate%20analyses%20found%20that%20older%20age%2C%20being%20recruited%20in%20the%20general%20out-patient%20department%2C%20greater%20number%20of%20children%2C%20high%20psychological%20abuse%2C%20high%20physical%20violence%2C%20danger%20and%20suicidal%20behaviour%20in%20the%20past%2012%5Cu00a0months%20were%20associated%20with%20sexual%20assault.%20In%20multivariable%20backward%20conditional%20logistic%20regression%20physical%20violence%20%28OR%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20095.32%2C%20CI%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20092.52-11.24%29%20and%20suicidal%20behaviour%20%28OR%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20093.28%2C%20CI%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20091.37-7.83%29%20were%20found%20to%20be%20associated%20with%20sexual%20assault.%5CnCONCLUSIONS%3A%20The%20study%20found%20a%20moderate%20rate%20of%20sexual%20assault%20in%20intimate%20violent%20partner%20relationships%20and%20those%20sexual%20assaults%20are%20more%20likely%20to%20co-occur%20with%20physical%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20and%20suicidal%20behaviour.%20This%20knowledge%20may%20be%20helpful%20in%20the%20detection%20and%20management%20of%20sexual%20assault%20in%20intimate%20violent%20partner%20relationships%20of%20women%20in%20health%20care%20settings%20in%20Thailand.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-02-06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1186%5C%2Fs12905-018-0526-z%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221472-6874%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J98Z33Q3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-08-31T11%3A40%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2262XJ95W7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chuemchit%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChuemchit%2C%20M.%2C%20Chernkwanma%2C%20S.%2C%20Rugkua%2C%20R.%2C%20Daengthern%2C%20L.%2C%20Abdullakasim%2C%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wieringa%2C%20S.%20E.%20%282018%29.%20Prevalence%20of%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20in%20Thailand.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Family%20Violence%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E33%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%20315%26%23x2013%3B323.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10896-018-9960-9%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10896-018-9960-9%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Prevalence%20of%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20in%20Thailand%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Montakarn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chuemchit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Suttharuethai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chernkwanma%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rewat%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rugkua%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laddawan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Daengthern%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pajaree%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abdullakasim%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Saskia%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wieringa%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22There%20is%20no%20recent%20national%20data%20on%20the%20prevalence%20of%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20in%20Thailand.%20This%20study%20proposed%20to%20examine%20the%20prevalence%20of%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20in%204%20regions%20of%20Thailand%20by%20using%20a%20standardized%20questionnaire%20from%20the%20WHO%20multi%20country%20study%20on%20women%27s%20health%20and%20domestic%20violence.%20Two%20thousand%20four%20hundred%20and%20sixty-two%20married%20or%20cohabiting%20women%20aged%2020-59%5Cu00a0years%20were%20interviewed%20about%20their%20experiences%20of%20psychologically%2C%20physically%2C%20sexually%20violent%2C%20and%5C%2For%20controlling%20behaviors%20by%20their%20male%20partners%3Ci%3E.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20The%20study%20found%20that%2015%25%20of%20respondents%20had%20experienced%20psychological%2C%20physical%2C%20and%5C%2For%20sexual%20violence%20in%20their%20life%20time%20which%20suggests%20that%201%20in%206%20of%20Thai%20women%20have%20faced%20intimate%20partner%20violence.%20Of%20the%2015%25%20of%20women%20who%20reported%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20within%20the%20past%2012%5Cu00a0months%2C%20psychological%20violence%20was%20the%20most%20common%20%2860-68%25%29%2C%20followed%20by%20sexual%20violence%20%2862-63%25%29%20and%20physical%20violence%20%2852-65%25%29.%20In%20addition%2C%20the%20percentage%20of%20women%20who%20faced%20various%20forms%20of%20controlling%20behaviors%20varied%20from%204.6%25%20to%2029.3%25.%20Men%20who%20were%20more%20controlling%20were%20more%20likely%20to%20abuse%20their%20female%20partners.%20The%20results%20reveal%20that%20partner%20violence%20against%20women%20is%20a%20significant%20public%20health%20issue%20in%20Thai%20society%20that%20must%20be%20addressed.%3Cp%20%5C%2F%3E%20%5Cn%3Cp%3ELanguage%3A%20en%3C%5C%2Fp%3E%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs10896-018-9960-9%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220885-7482%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.safetylit.org%5C%2Fcitations%5C%2Findex.php%3Ffuseaction%3Dcitations.viewdetails%26citationIds%5B%5D%3Dcitjournalarticle_585316_20%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J98Z33Q3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-14T09%3A44%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PDGRVFNH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sriyothin%20and%20Maneesri%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESriyothin%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Maneesri%2C%20K.%20%282017%29.%20The%20mediating%20effect%20of%20adult%20attachment%20on%20the%20relation%20between%20childhood%20experiences%20and%20intimate%20partner%20perpetration%20and%20victimization%20in%20Thailand.%20%3Ci%3EAsian%20Social%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E13%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20e75.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5539%5C%2Fass.v13n2p75%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5539%5C%2Fass.v13n2p75%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20mediating%20effect%20of%20adult%20attachment%20on%20the%20relation%20between%20childhood%20experiences%20and%20intimate%20partner%20perpetration%20and%20victimization%20in%20Thailand%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Saranya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sriyothin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kakanang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maneesri%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20current%20study%20investigated%20the%20effects%20of%20exposure%20to%20abusive%20and%20supportive%20childhood%20experiences%20on%20intimate%20partner%20perpetration%20and%20victimization%20using%20adult%20attachment%20as%20a%20mediator.%20A%20sample%20of%201010%20heterosexual%20adults%20completed%20measures%20of%20the%20Exposure%20to%20Abusive%20and%20Supportive%20Environments%20Parenting%20Inventory%20%28EASE-PI%29%2C%20Experiences%20in%20Close%20Relationships-Revised%20%28ECR-R%29%2C%20Adult%20Attachment%20Questionnaire%2C%20and%20the%20Revised%20Conflict%20Tactics%20Scales%20%28CTS2%29.%20Structural%20equation%20modeling%20revealed%20that%20abusive%20childhood%20experiences%20affected%20perpetration%20and%20victimization%20directly%20and%20indirectly%20through%20anxiety%20over%20abandonment%20and%20avoidance%20of%20intimacy%2C%20supportive%20childhood%20experiences%20affected%20perpetration%20through%20anxiety%20over%20abandonment%2C%20and%20affected%20victimization%20through%20both%20anxiety%20over%20abandonment%20and%20avoidance%20of%20intimacy.%20The%20implications%20suggested%20a%20decrease%20in%20abusive%20childhood%20experiences%20and%20an%20increase%20in%20supportive%20childhood%20experiences%20are%20necessary%20to%20reduce%20IPV%20perpetration%20and%20victimization.%20s%20and%20industries.%20The%20study%20also%20investigates%20the%20effects%20of%20years%20of%20job%20tenure%20on%20gender%20wage%20gaps.%20The%20results%20demonstrate%20that%2C%20in%20both%20provinces%2C%20regardless%20of%20industry%2C%20the%20size%20of%20the%20organization%20proves%20significant%20in%20explaining%20gender%20wage%20gaps%2C%20while%20years%20of%20tenure%20are%20insignificant.%20this%20study%20showed%20that%20students%20who%20have%20learned%20through%20the%20E-book%20method%20achieve%20design%20efficiently%20better%20in%20their%20post-test%20scores%20than%20those%20in%20the%20traditional%20method.%20Students%20at%20the%20internal%20motivation%20level%20perform%20design%20efficiently%20better%20in%20their%20post-test%20scores%20than%20those%20at%20external%20motivation%20level.%20The%20E-book%20method%20proved%20to%20help%20students%20with%20external%20motivation%20in%20their%20post-test%20score%20motivation.%3Cp%20%5C%2F%3E%20%5Cn%3Cp%3ELanguage%3A%20en%3C%5C%2Fp%3E%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5539%5C%2Fass.v13n2p75%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221911-2017%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.safetylit.org%5C%2Fcitations%5C%2Findex.php%3Ffuseaction%3Dcitations.viewdetails%26citationIds%5B%5D%3Dcitjournalarticle_556019_24%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J98Z33Q3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-14T09%3A50%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T4I7EF43%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Nemoto%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-03-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ENemoto%2C%20T.%2C%20Cruz%2C%20T.%2C%20Iwamoto%2C%20M.%2C%20Trocki%2C%20K.%2C%20Perngparn%2C%20U.%2C%20Areesantichai%2C%20C.%2C%20Suzuki%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Roberts%2C%20C.%20%282016%29.%20Examining%20the%20Sociocultural%20Context%20of%20HIV-related%20Risk%20Behaviors%20Among%20Kathoey%20%28Male-to-female%20Transgender%20Women%29%20Sex%20Workers%20in%20Bangkok%2C%20Thailand.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Association%20of%20Nurses%20in%20AIDS%20Care%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E27%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20153%26%23x2013%3B165.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jana.2015.11.003%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jana.2015.11.003%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Examining%20the%20Sociocultural%20Context%20of%20HIV-related%20Risk%20Behaviors%20Among%20Kathoey%20%28Male-to-female%20Transgender%20Women%29%20Sex%20Workers%20in%20Bangkok%2C%20Thailand%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tooru%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nemoto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Taylor%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cruz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mariko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Iwamoto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trocki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Usaneya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perngparn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chitlada%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Areesantichai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sachiko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Suzuki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Kathoey%20%28male-to-female%20transgender%29%20sex%20workers%20%28KSW%29%20in%20Thailand%20are%20at%20high%20risk%20for%20sexually%20transmitted%20infections%3B%20however%2C%20few%20qualitative%20studies%20have%20been%20conducted%20to%20understand%20the%20sociocultural%20context%20of%20engaging%20in%20HIV%20risk%20behaviors.%20A%20total%20of%2024%20participants%20were%20purposively%20sampled%20in%20Bangkok%20based%20on%20KSW%20work%20venues%20and%20substance%20use.%20Results%20revealed%20the%20importance%20of%20participants%27%20understanding%20of%20the%20self%20in%20relation%20to%20establishing%20economic%20independence%20through%20sex%20work%2C%20which%20could%20then%20be%20used%20to%20re-establish%20support%20from%20family%2C%20who%20often%20have%20not%20accepted%20a%20son%27s%20gender%20transition.%20Participants%20linked%20being%20kathoey%20to%20a%20belief%20in%20fate%20but%20did%20not%20view%20engagement%20in%20sex%20work%20in%20the%20same%20way.%20Different%20sex%20work%20venues%20exposed%20KSW%20to%20different%20risky%20situations.%20HIV%20prevention%20programs%20for%20kathoey%20must%20address%20the%20importance%20of%20economic%20security%20and%20its%20relation%20to%20social%20support%20and%20gender%20transition%20within%20a%20cultural-%20and%20work-environment-specific%20framework.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016-03-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jana.2015.11.003%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221055-3290%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS1055329015002472%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J98Z33Q3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-14T09%3A58%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226W95NGVP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hobstetter%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHobstetter%2C%20M.%2C%20Sietstra%2C%20C.%2C%20Walsh%2C%20M.%2C%20Leigh%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Foster%2C%20A.%20M.%20%282015%29.%20%26%23x201C%3BIn%20rape%20cases%20we%20can%20use%20this%20pill%26%23x201D%3B%3A%20a%20multimethods%20assessment%20of%20emergency%20contraception%20knowledge%2C%20access%2C%20and%20needs%20on%20the%20Thailand-Burma%20border.%20%3Ci%3EInternational%20Journal%20of%20Gynaecology%20and%20Obstetrics%3A%20The%20Official%20Organ%20of%20the%20International%20Federation%20of%20Gynaecology%20and%20Obstetrics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E130%20Suppl%203%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20E37-41.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ijgo.2015.05.008%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ijgo.2015.05.008%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22%5C%22In%20rape%20cases%20we%20can%20use%20this%20pill%5C%22%3A%20a%20multimethods%20assessment%20of%20emergency%20contraception%20knowledge%2C%20access%2C%20and%20needs%20on%20the%20Thailand-Burma%20border%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Margaret%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hobstetter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cari%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sietstra%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Meredith%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walsh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leigh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angel%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Foster%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22OBJECTIVES%3A%20To%20evaluate%20availability%2C%20service%20delivery%2C%20and%20barriers%20to%20access%20to%20emergency%20contraceptive%20pills%20%28ECPs%29%20along%20the%20Thailand-Burma%20border.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20From%20June%202010%20to%20May%202011%20we%20undertook%20a%20multimethods%20qualitative%20assessment%20among%20cross-border%20populations%2C%20migrants%2C%20and%20refugees.%20We%20conducted%2046%20key%20informant%20interviews%20with%20representatives%20from%2025%20organizations%2C%2018%20focus%20group%20discussions%20with%20migrant%20adults%2C%20migrant%20adolescents%2C%20and%20healthcare%20workers%2C%20and%20a%20service%20mapping%20exercise%20with%2022%20stakeholders.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20We%20found%20low%20use%20of%20ECPs%20among%20the%20target%20populations.%20Structural%20barriers%20and%20lack%20of%20evidence-based%20reproductive%20health%20protocols%2C%20education%2C%20and%20information%20restrict%20access%20to%20the%20limited%20family%20planning%20resources%20available%20in%20this%20region.%20Misinformation%20about%20ECPs%20was%20widespread%20among%20health%20workers%20and%20organizational%20policies%20were%20often%20non-evidence%20based.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20Potential%20policy%20and%20program%20interventions%20to%20improve%20access%20to%20ECPs%20along%20the%20Thailand-Burma%20border%20include%20integrating%20evidence-based%20practices%20into%20community%20efforts%2C%20expanding%20training%20opportunities%20for%20health%20workers%2C%20and%20improving%20communication%20and%20coordination%20among%20organizations%20serving%20populations%20on%20both%20sides%20of%20the%20border.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015-08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ijgo.2015.05.008%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221879-3479%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J98Z33Q3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-14T10%3A06%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22K2S5G9EA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kiss%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-03-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKiss%2C%20L.%2C%20Pocock%2C%20N.%20S.%2C%20Naisanguansri%2C%20V.%2C%20Suos%2C%20S.%2C%20Dickson%2C%20B.%2C%20Thuy%2C%20D.%2C%20Koehler%2C%20J.%2C%20Sirisup%2C%20K.%2C%20Pongrungsee%2C%20N.%2C%20Nguyen%2C%20V.%20A.%2C%20Borland%2C%20R.%2C%20Dhavan%2C%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Zimmerman%2C%20C.%20%282015%29.%20Health%20of%20men%2C%20women%2C%20and%20children%20in%20post-trafficking%20services%20in%20Cambodia%2C%20Thailand%2C%20and%20Vietnam%3A%20an%20observational%20cross-sectional%20study.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Lancet%20Global%20Health%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E3%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20e154%26%23x2013%3Be161.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2FS2214-109X%2815%2970016-1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2FS2214-109X%2815%2970016-1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Health%20of%20men%2C%20women%2C%20and%20children%20in%20post-trafficking%20services%20in%20Cambodia%2C%20Thailand%2C%20and%20Vietnam%3A%20an%20observational%20cross-sectional%20study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ligia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kiss%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicola%20S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pocock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Varaporn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Naisanguansri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Soksreymom%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Suos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brett%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dickson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Doan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thuy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jobst%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Koehler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kittiphan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sirisup%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nisakorn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pongrungsee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Van%20Anh%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nguyen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rosilyne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Borland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Poonam%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dhavan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cathy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zimmerman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%5CnTrafficking%20is%20a%20crime%20of%20global%20proportions%20involving%20extreme%20forms%20of%20exploitation%20and%20abuse.%20Yet%20little%20research%20has%20been%20done%20of%20the%20health%20risks%20and%20morbidity%20patterns%20for%20men%2C%20women%2C%20and%20children%20trafficked%20for%20various%20forms%20of%20forced%20labour.%5CnMethods%5CnWe%20carried%20out%20face-to-face%20interviews%20with%20a%20consecutive%20sample%20of%20individuals%20entering%2015%20post-trafficking%20services%20in%20Cambodia%2C%20Thailand%2C%20and%20Vietnam.%20We%20asked%20participants%20about%20living%20and%20working%20conditions%2C%20experience%20of%20violence%2C%20and%20health%20outcomes.%20We%20measured%20symptoms%20of%20anxiety%20and%20depression%20with%20the%20Hopkins%20Symptoms%20Checklist%20and%20post-traumatic%20stress%20disorder%20with%20the%20Harvard%20Trauma%20Questionnaire%2C%20and%20used%20adjusted%20logistic%20regression%20models%20to%20estimate%20the%20effect%20of%20trafficking%20on%20these%20mental%20health%20outcomes%2C%20controlling%20for%20age%2C%20sector%20of%20exploitation%2C%20and%20time%20in%20trafficking.%5CnFindings%5CnWe%20interviewed%201102%20people%2C%20of%20whom%201015%20reached%20work%20destinations.%20Participants%20worked%20in%20various%20sectors%20including%20sex%20work%20%28329%20%5B32%25%5D%29%2C%20fishing%20%28275%20%5B27%25%5D%29%2C%20and%20factories%20%28136%20%5B13%25%5D%29.%20481%20%2848%25%29%20of%201015%20experienced%20physical%20violence%2C%20sexual%20violence%2C%20or%20both%2C%20with%20198%20%2835%25%29%20of%20566%20women%20and%20girls%20reporting%20sexual%20violence.%20478%20%2847%25%29%20of%201015%20participants%20were%20threatened%20and%20198%20%2820%25%29%20were%20locked%20in%20a%20room.%20685%20%2870%25%29%20of%20985%20who%20had%20data%20available%20worked%207%20days%20per%20week%20and%20296%20%2830%25%29%20of%20989%20worked%20at%20least%2011%20hours%20per%20day.%20222%20%2822%25%29%20of%20983%20had%20a%20serious%20injury%20at%20work.%2061%5Cu00b72%25%20%2895%25%20CI%2058%5Cu00b72%5Cu201364%5Cu00b72%29%20of%20participants%20reported%20symptom%20of%20depression%2C%2042%5Cu00b78%25%20%2839%5Cu00b78%5Cu201345%5Cu00b79%29%20reported%20symptoms%20of%20anxiety%2C%20and%2038%5Cu00b79%25%20%2836%5Cu00b70%5Cu201342%5Cu00b70%29%20reported%20symptoms%20of%20post-traumatic%20stress%20disorder.%205%5Cu00b72%25%20%284%5Cu00b70%5Cu20136%5Cu00b78%29%20had%20attempted%20suicide%20in%20the%20past%20month.%20Participants%20who%20experienced%20extremely%20excessive%20overtime%20at%20work%2C%20restricted%20freedom%2C%20bad%20living%20conditions%2C%20threats%2C%20or%20severe%20violence%20were%20more%20likely%20to%20report%20symptoms%20of%20depression%2C%20anxiety%2C%20and%20post-traumatic%20stress%20disorder.%5CnInterpretation%5CnThis%20is%20the%20first%20health%20study%20of%20a%20large%20and%20diverse%20sample%20of%20men%2C%20women%2C%20and%20child%20survivors%20of%20trafficking%20for%20various%20forms%20of%20exploitation.%20Violence%20and%20unsafe%20working%20conditions%20were%20common%20and%20psychological%20morbidity%20was%20associated%20with%20severity%20of%20abuse.%20Survivors%20of%20trafficking%20need%20access%20to%20health%20care%2C%20especially%20mental%20health%20care.%5CnFunding%5CnFunding%20Anesvad%20Foundation%20and%20IOM%20Development%20Fund.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015-03-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2FS2214-109X%2815%2970016-1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222214-109X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS2214109X15700161%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22QAEBVPQE%22%2C%22J98Z33Q3%22%2C%22E4ZGHS43%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-16T12%3A56%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BN8ZMP89%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Suthapom%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESuthapom%2C%20S.%2C%20Teerapong%2C%20S.%2C%20Aojanepong%2C%20T.%2C%20Sangviroon%2C%20A.%2C%20Napakorn%2C%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Bhamarapravatana%2C%20K.%20%282014%29.%20Characteristics%20and%20health%20consequences%20of%20adolescent%20sexual%20assault%20at%20Police%20General%20Hospital%2C%20Thailand.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Medical%20Association%20of%20Thailand%20%3D%20Chotmaihet%20Thangphaet%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E97%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2812%29%2C%201221%26%23x2013%3B1226.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2F25764626%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2F25764626%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Characteristics%20and%20health%20consequences%20of%20adolescent%20sexual%20assault%20at%20Police%20General%20Hospital%2C%20Thailand%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sutham%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Suthapom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Seree%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Teerapong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tepchongchit%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aojanepong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alisara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sangviroon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kitinapa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Napakorn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kornkarn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bhamarapravatana%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22OBJECTIVE%3A%20To%20describe%20the%20characteristic%20and%20epidemiology%20ofadolescent%20sexual%20assaults%20and%20to%20compare%20health%20consequences%20between%20adolescent%20and%20adult%20victims.%5CnMATERIAL%20AND%20METHOD%3A%20Retrospective%20review%20of%20sexual%20assault%20victims%20records%20of%20those%20who%20were%20examined%20in%20sexual%20assault%20program%20in%20Police%20General%20Hospital%20between%20January%201%20and%20December%2031%2C%202012.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20There%20were%20335%20cases%20ofadolescents%20sexual%20assault%20victims.%20Most%20of%20them%20were%20in%20junior%20high%20school%20%2862.4%25%29.%20Most%20adolescent%20sexual%20assaults%20were%20committed%20by%20boyfriends%20%2850.3%25%29%20and%20acquaintance%5C%2Ffriends%20%2814.7%25%29.%20The%20most%20common%20place%20for%20the%20assaults%20was%20the%20offender%27s%20residence%20%2852.9%25%29.%20Delayed%20medical%20evaluation%20was%20common.%20Only%2049.4%25%20attended%20medical%20evaluation%20within%2072%20hours.%20Adolescent%20victims%20had%20a%20higher%20pregnancy%20rate%20than%20adult%20victims%20%289.0%25%20vs.%203.6%25%29%2C%20but%20lower%20rate%20of%20non-genital%20injuries%20%2814.6%25%20vs.%2036.3%25%29.%20Only%20labia%20minora%20injury%20of%20adolescent%20was%20significantly%20lower%20than%20adult%20%289.3%25%20vs.%2017.5%25%29%20among%20genital%20injuries.%20Hepatitis%20B%20infection%20rate%20of%20adolescent%20was%20lower%20than%20adult%20%281.2%25%20vs.%204.5%25%29%2C%20whereas%20other%20types%20of%20infection%20were%20not%20different.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20Thai%20adolescents%20had%20set%20the%20unique%20assault%20characteristic%20different%20from%20adult%20victims.%20Adolescent%20victims%20were%20mainly%20assaulted%20by%20boyfriends%20at%20assailant%27s%20residence%2C%20with%20higher%20pregnancy%20rate%20than%20other%20international%20reports.%20Promote%20education%20to%20adolescences%20is%20highly%20recommended%20to%20decrease%20cases%20of%20rape%20and%20rape-related%20pregnancy%20in%20female%20adolescent.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014-12%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220125-2208%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2F25764626%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J98Z33Q3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-08-31T11%3A38%3A41Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DWU3K2SE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Guadamuz%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGuadamuz%2C%20T.%20E.%2C%20Wimonsate%2C%20W.%2C%20Varangrat%2C%20A.%2C%20Phanuphak%2C%20P.%2C%20Jommaroeng%2C%20R.%2C%20Mock%2C%20P.%20A.%2C%20Tappero%2C%20J.%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20van%20Griensven%2C%20F.%20%282011%29.%20Correlates%20of%20forced%20sex%20among%20populations%20of%20men%20who%20have%20sex%20with%20men%20in%20Thailand.%20%3Ci%3EArchives%20of%20Sexual%20Behavior%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E40%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20259%26%23x2013%3B266.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10508-009-9557-8%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10508-009-9557-8%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Correlates%20of%20forced%20sex%20among%20populations%20of%20men%20who%20have%20sex%20with%20men%20in%20Thailand%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guadamuz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wipas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wimonsate%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anchalee%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Varangrat%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Praphan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Phanuphak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rapeepun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jommaroeng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philip%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jordan%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tappero%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frits%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Griensven%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Although%20forced%20sex%20is%20a%20correlate%20of%20HIV%20infection%2C%20its%20prevalence%20and%20associated%20risks%20are%20not%20well%20described%20among%20men%20who%20have%20sex%20with%20men%20%28MSM%29%20in%20developing-country%20settings.%20Between%20March%20and%20October%202005%2C%20we%20assessed%20the%20prevalence%20of%20forced%20sex%20and%20correlates%20among%20populations%20of%20MSM%20%28this%20includes%20general%20MSM%2C%20male%20sex%20workers%2C%20and%20male-to-female%20transgender%20persons%29%20in%20Thailand%20using%20a%20community-based%20sample.%20Participants%20were%20enrolled%20from%20venues%20around%20Bangkok%2C%20Chiangmai%2C%20and%20Phuket%20using%20venue%20day-time%20sampling.%20Handheld%20computer-assisted%20self-interviewing%20was%20used%20to%20collect%20demographic%20and%20behavioral%20data%20and%20logistic%20regression%20evaluated%20factors%20associated%20with%20forced%20sex%2C%20defined%20as%20ever%20being%20forced%20to%20have%20sexual%20intercourse%20against%20one%27s%20will.%20Of%20the%202%2C049%20participants%20%28M%20age%2C%2024.8%5Cu00a0years%29%2C%20a%20history%20of%20forced%20sex%20was%20reported%20by%20376%20%2818.4%25%29%20men%20and%2C%20of%20these%2C%20most%20were%20forced%20by%20someone%20they%20knew%20%2883.8%25%29%2C%20forced%20more%20than%20once%20%2867.3%25%29%2C%20and%20had%20first%20occurrence%20during%20adolescence%20%2855.1%25%29.%20In%20multivariate%20analysis%2C%20having%20a%20history%20of%20forced%20sex%20was%20significantly%20associated%20with%20being%20recruited%20in%20Phuket%2C%20classification%20as%20general%20MSM%20or%20transgender%20%28versus%20classification%20as%20male%20sex%20worker%29%2C%20drug%20use%2C%20increased%20number%20of%20male%20sexual%20partners%2C%20and%20buying%20sex.%20The%20findings%20in%20our%20assessment%20were%20consistent%20with%20assessments%20from%20Western%20countries.%20Longitudinal%20studies%20are%20needed%20to%20understand%20the%20mechanisms%20of%20the%20relationships%20between%20forced%20sex%20correlates%20found%20in%20our%20assessment%20and%20HIV%20acquisition%20and%20transmission%20risks.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011-04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs10508-009-9557-8%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221573-2800%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J98Z33Q3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-14T10%3A16%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SRG57TTJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Talthip%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222007-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETalthip%2C%20J.%2C%20Chirachariyavej%2C%20T.%2C%20Peonim%2C%20A.%20V.%20M.%20V.%2C%20Atamasirikul%2C%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Teerakamchai%2C%20S.%20%282007%29.%20An%20autopsy%20report%20case%20of%20rape%20victim%20by%20the%20application%20of%20PSA%20test%20kit%20as%20a%20new%20innovation%20for%20sexual%20assault%20investigation%20in%20Thailand.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Medical%20Association%20of%20Thailand%20%3D%20Chotmaihet%20Thangphaet%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E90%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20348%26%23x2013%3B351.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jmatonline.com%5C%2Findex.php%5C%2Fjmat%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F8961%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jmatonline.com%5C%2Findex.php%5C%2Fjmat%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F8961%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22An%20autopsy%20report%20case%20of%20rape%20victim%20by%20the%20application%20of%20PSA%20test%20kit%20as%20a%20new%20innovation%20for%20sexual%20assault%20investigation%20in%20Thailand%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jate%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Talthip%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thamrong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chirachariyavej%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20V.%20M.%20Vichan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peonim%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kalayanee%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Atamasirikul%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Somsri%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Teerakamchai%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20case%20of%20a%2030%20year-old%20Thai%20female%20found%20dead%20on%20the%20floor%20at%20the%20base%20of%20a%20small%20monument%20on%20Rajadumnern%20Road%2C%20Bangkok%2C%20Thailand%20with%20blood%20stains%20around%20the%20body%20and%20a%20naked%20bottom.%20The%20scene%20investigation%20and%20autopsy%20findings%20suggested%20a%20sexual%20assault%20and%20multiple%20sharp%20force%20injuries.%20The%20approach%20to%20the%20postmortem%20examination%20using%20different%20laboratory%20tests%20is%20reviewed.%20The%20specificity%20and%20sensitivity%20of%20prostate%20specific%20antigen%20%28PSA%29%20in%20specimens%20from%20rape%20victims%20is%20better%20than%20acid%20phosphatase%20test.%20The%20ELISA%20test%20for%20PSA%20was%20tested%20to%20confirm%20the%20PSA%20test%20kit.%20The%20present%20report%20suggests%20the%20PSA%20test%20kit%20in%20addition%20to%20conventional%20sperm%20smear%20and%20acid%20phosphatase%20test%20for%20sexual%20assault%20investigation%20in%20Thailand.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222007-02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220125-2208%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jmatonline.com%5C%2Findex.php%5C%2Fjmat%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F8961%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J98Z33Q3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-08-31T11%3A38%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229STDNMEW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chaiyanukij%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222004-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChaiyanukij%2C%20C.%20%282004%29.%20Violence%20against%20women%20migrant%20workers%20in%20Thailand.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20the%20Medical%20Association%20of%20Thailand%20%3D%20Chotmaihet%20Thangphaet%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E87%20Suppl%203%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20S223-226.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2F21218599%5C%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DAs%2520they%2520come%2520illegally%2520and%2Cin%2520a%2520slavery%252Dlike%2520condition.%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2F21218599%5C%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DAs%2520they%2520come%2520illegally%2520and%2Cin%2520a%2520slavery%252Dlike%2520condition.%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Violence%20against%20women%20migrant%20workers%20in%20Thailand%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charnchao%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chaiyanukij%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20paper%20on%20%5C%22Violence%20against%20Women%20Migrant%20Workers%20in%20Thailand%5C%22%20will%20show%20the%20situation%20of%20women%20migrant%20workers%20in%20Thailand%2C%20why%20they%20have%20to%20come%20to%20Thailand%2C%20what%20kind%20of%20job%20they%20do%2C%20how%20they%20are%20abused%20and%20exploited%20by%20employer%20in%20many%20types%20of%20violence%20and%20how%20the%20Thai%20government%20manages%20to%20solve%20the%20problems%20and%20assist%20them.%20The%20term%20or%20definition%20of%20%5C%22violence%20against%20women-VAW%5C%22%20and%20%5C%22discrimination%20against%20women%5C%22%20is%20provided%20and%20based%20on%20the%20definition%20stated%20in%20the%20Declaration%20on%20the%20Elimination%20of%20Violence%20Against%20Women%20and%20the%20Convention%20on%20the%20Elimination%20of%20All%20Forms%20of%20Discrimination%20Against%20Women%20%28CEDAW%29.%20Readers%20will%20see%20that%20violence%20against%20women%20is%20a%20form%20of%20discrimination%20committed%20on%20a%20basis%20of%20sex.%20In%20other%20words%2C%20VAW%20is%20a%20clear%20violation%20of%20women%27s%20inherent%20human%20rights%20including%20the%20rights%20to%20life%2C%20liberty%2C%20and%20security%20of%20person%2C%20equality%2C%20equal%20protection%20under%20the%20law%20and%20freedom%20from%20all%20forms%20of%20discrimination.%20More%20than%20one%20hundred%20thousands%20of%20women%20illegal%20migrant%20workers%20work%20in%20Thailand.%20They%20come%20from%20countries%20in%20the%20Mekong%20Sub-region%20namely%20Myanmar%20Lao%20PDR%2C%20Cambodia%2C%20Vietnam%20and%20China%20%28Yunnan%20province%29.%20As%20they%20come%20illegally%20and%20have%20low%20level%20of%20education%20and%20working%20skills%2C%20they%20are%20vulnerable%20to%20exploitation%2C%20abuse%20or%20face%20violence.%20In%20general%2C%20they%20work%20in%20small%20factories%2C%20domestic%20work%20and%20restaurant.%20They%20are%20forced%20begging%2C%20forced%20prostitution%20or%20work%20in%20a%20slavery-like%20condition.%20Root%20causes%20of%20illegal%20migration%20and%20VAW%20are%20interrelated%20and%20occur%20in%20both%20sending%20and%20receiving%20countries%20of%20migrant%20workers.%20Poverty%2C%20demand%20and%20supply%20sides%20of%20labor%2C%20level%20of%20education%2C%20no%20knowledge%20of%20their%20own%20rights%2C%20impact%20of%20capitalism%20and%20gender%20issues%2C%20are%20mentioned%20as%20original%20factors%20of%20migration%20and%20VAW.%20The%20Thai%20government%20has%20national%20policy%2C%20plan%2C%20instrument%20and%20measures%20to%20cope%20with%20in-%20migration%20of%20illegal%20workers.%20Not%20only%20government%20agencies%20are%20active%20to%20solve%20the%20problems%20and%20assist%20the%20women%20migrant%20workers%2C%20but%20also%20non-government%20and%20international%20organizations%20as%20well%20as%20the%20UN%20agencies%20are%20working%20seriously%20to%20assist%20them%20and%20protect%20their%20rights.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222004-10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220125-2208%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2F21218599%5C%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DAs%2520they%2520come%2520illegally%2520and%2Cin%2520a%2520slavery%252Dlike%2520condition.%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J98Z33Q3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-08-31T11%3A39%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226755ZIGA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3EEnding%20Violence%20Against%20Women%20and%20Girls%20%28EVAWG%29%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%28n.d.%29.%20UN%20Women%20%26%23x2013%3B%20Asia-Pacific.%20Retrieved%20November%2014%2C%202022%2C%20from%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fasiapacific.unwomen.org%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fcountries%5C%2Fthailand%5C%2Fending-violence-against-women%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fasiapacific.unwomen.org%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fcountries%5C%2Fthailand%5C%2Fending-violence-against-women%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ending%20Violence%20Against%20Women%20and%20Girls%20%28EVAWG%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Under%20the%20leadership%20of%20Her%20Royal%20Highness%20Princess%20Bajrakitiyabha%20as%20UN%20Women%5Cu2019s%20Goodwill%20Ambassador%2C%20Thailand%20has%20contributed%20to%20the%20UN%20Secretary%20General%5Cu2019s%20UNiTE%20Campaign%20to%20End%20Violence%20Against%20Women%2C%20in%20partnership%20with%20UN%20Women.%20%203%2C123%2C679%20signatures%20out%20of%20the%20globally%20collected%205%20million%20signatures%20were%20collected%20from%20Thailand%20in%20support%20of%20the%20Say%20No%20to%20Violence%20Campaign%20in%202008%2C%20and%20622%2C189%20actions%20were%20collected%20in%202010%20in%20support%20of%20UNiTE.%20%20UN%20Women%20in%20Thailand%20has%20worked%20with%20national%20partners%20to%20promote%20relevant%20legislation%20and%20its%20implementation%2C%20notably%20the%20Domestic%20Violence%20legislation.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fasiapacific.unwomen.org%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fcountries%5C%2Fthailand%5C%2Fending-violence-against-women%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22J98Z33Q3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-14T10%3A28%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Sonthon, P., Janma, N., & Wichaidit, W. (2024). Variations in the association between polygyny and experience of intimate partner violence by husband’s alcohol consumption: a cross-sectional study among postpartum women in Thailand. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 2735. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20281-7
Chuemchit, M., Linn, N., Han, C. P. P., Lynn, Z., Chernkwanma, S., Taneepanichskul, N., Sirichokchatchawan, W., & Somrongthong, R. (2024). Discrimination and violence against women migrant workers in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods study. PLOS ONE, 19(5), e0300388. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300388
Kanyajit, D. S., Poonyarith, D. S., Sokantat, N., Mahakeeta, D. C., & Nakpong, D. P. (2023). Building Prevention Tools for Sexual Violence in Family, School and Community of Thailand. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 18(1), 267–280. https://ijcjs.com/menu-script/index.php/ijcjs/article/view/641
Napa, W., Neelapaichit, N., Kongsakon, R., Chotivitayataragorn, S., & Udomsubpayakul, U. (2023). Impacts of COVID-19 on family violence in Thailand: prevalence and influencing factors. BMC Women’s Health, 23(1), 294. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-023-02440-x
Singkhorn, O., Apidechkul, T., Srichan, P., Mulikaburt, T., Kitchanapaibul, S., Udplong, A., Upala, P., Chomchoei, C., Yeemard, F., Tamornpark, R., & Wongnuch, P. (2023). Influences and patterns of intimate partner violence among married Akha and Lahu women in northern Thailand. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 228. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15162-4
Panjaphothiwat, N., Tamornpark, R., Apidechkul, T., Seeprasert, P., Singkhorn, O., Upala, P., Thutsanti, P., Yeemard, F., & Sunsern, R. (2021). Factors associated with domestic violence in the Lahu hill tribe of northern Thailand: A cross-sectional study. PloS One, 16(3), e0248587. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248587
Bjarnegård, E., Brounéus, K., & Melander, E. (2019). Violent boyhoods, masculine honor ideology, and political violence: survey findings from Thailand. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, ePub(ePub), 886260519832926. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519832926
Pengpid, S., Peltzer, K., Laosee, O., & Suthisukon, K. (2018). Intimate partner sexual violence and risk for femicide, suicidality and substance use among women in antenatal care and general out-patients in Thailand. BMC Women’s Health, 18(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-018-0526-z
Chuemchit, M., Chernkwanma, S., Rugkua, R., Daengthern, L., Abdullakasim, P., & Wieringa, S. E. (2018). Prevalence of intimate partner violence in Thailand. Journal of Family Violence, 33(5), 315–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-018-9960-9
Sriyothin, S., & Maneesri, K. (2017). The mediating effect of adult attachment on the relation between childhood experiences and intimate partner perpetration and victimization in Thailand. Asian Social Science, 13(2), e75. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n2p75
Nemoto, T., Cruz, T., Iwamoto, M., Trocki, K., Perngparn, U., Areesantichai, C., Suzuki, S., & Roberts, C. (2016). Examining the Sociocultural Context of HIV-related Risk Behaviors Among Kathoey (Male-to-female Transgender Women) Sex Workers in Bangkok, Thailand. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 27(2), 153–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jana.2015.11.003
Hobstetter, M., Sietstra, C., Walsh, M., Leigh, J., & Foster, A. M. (2015). “In rape cases we can use this pill”: a multimethods assessment of emergency contraception knowledge, access, and needs on the Thailand-Burma border. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: The Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 130 Suppl 3, E37-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.05.008
Kiss, L., Pocock, N. S., Naisanguansri, V., Suos, S., Dickson, B., Thuy, D., Koehler, J., Sirisup, K., Pongrungsee, N., Nguyen, V. A., Borland, R., Dhavan, P., & Zimmerman, C. (2015). Health of men, women, and children in post-trafficking services in Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam: an observational cross-sectional study. The Lancet Global Health, 3(3), e154–e161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(15)70016-1
Suthapom, S., Teerapong, S., Aojanepong, T., Sangviroon, A., Napakorn, K., & Bhamarapravatana, K. (2014). Characteristics and health consequences of adolescent sexual assault at Police General Hospital, Thailand. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet Thangphaet, 97(12), 1221–1226. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25764626/
Guadamuz, T. E., Wimonsate, W., Varangrat, A., Phanuphak, P., Jommaroeng, R., Mock, P. A., Tappero, J. W., & van Griensven, F. (2011). Correlates of forced sex among populations of men who have sex with men in Thailand. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40(2), 259–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-009-9557-8
Talthip, J., Chirachariyavej, T., Peonim, A. V. M. V., Atamasirikul, K., & Teerakamchai, S. (2007). An autopsy report case of rape victim by the application of PSA test kit as a new innovation for sexual assault investigation in Thailand. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet Thangphaet, 90(2), 348–351. http://www.jmatonline.com/index.php/jmat/article/view/8961
Chaiyanukij, C. (2004). Violence against women migrant workers in Thailand. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet Thangphaet, 87 Suppl 3, S223-226. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21218599/#:~:text=As%20they%20come%20illegally%20and,in%20a%20slavery%2Dlike%20condition.
Ending Violence Against Women and Girls (EVAWG). (n.d.). UN Women – Asia-Pacific. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://asiapacific.unwomen.org/en/countries/thailand/ending-violence-against-women