9542089
3G3XGARD
apa
50
date
desc
3214
https://www.svri.org/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3A%22zotpress-85054be30730eb6186bd7c4b1b34527d%22%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%225KK4FZSH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lowe%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-01-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELowe%2C%20H.%2C%20Mannell%2C%20J.%2C%20Faumuina%2C%20T.%2C%20Sinclair%2C%20L.%2C%20Tamanikaiyaroi%2C%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Brown%2C%20L.%20%282024%29.%20Violence%20in%20childhood%20and%20community%20contexts%3A%20a%20multi-level%20model%20of%20factors%20associated%20with%20women%26%23x2019%3Bs%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20experience%20in%20Samoa.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Lancet%20Regional%20Health%20-%20Western%20Pacific%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E42%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20100957.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.lanwpc.2023.100957%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.lanwpc.2023.100957%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Violence%20in%20childhood%20and%20community%20contexts%3A%20a%20multi-level%20model%20of%20factors%20associated%20with%20women%27s%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20experience%20in%20Samoa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hattie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jenevieve%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mannell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Taiaopo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Faumuina%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lewis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sinclair%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lineta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tamanikaiyaroi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brown%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%5CnIntimate%20partner%20violence%20%28IPV%29%20affects%20approximately%2026%25%20of%20women%20worldwide%20and%20is%20driven%20by%20a%20complex%20interplay%20of%20factors%20across%20individual%2C%20relationship%5C%2Fhousehold%2C%20community%20and%20societal%20levels.%20Individual%20and%20relationship%5C%2Fhousehold%20factors%20are%20well%20studied%20however%20little%20empirical%20evidence%20exists%20on%20factors%20at%20the%20community%20level%20that%20drive%20IPV%20which%20are%20needed%20to%20inform%20prevention%20interventions.%5CnMethods%5CnWe%20conducted%20a%20cross-sectional%2C%20multi-level%20analysis%20of%20factors%20associated%20with%20women%27s%20IPV%20experience%20in%20Samoa%20using%20the%202019%5Cu201320%20Demographic%20and%20Health%20Multiple%20Indicator%20Cluster%20Survey.%20We%20used%20hierarchical%20multivariable%20logistic%20regression%20to%20assess%20individual%2C%20relationship%5C%2Fhousehold%20and%20community%20level%20effects%20on%20women%27s%20risk%20of%20physical%2C%20sexual%20and%5C%2For%20emotional%20IPV.%5CnFindings%5CnThe%20past%20year%20prevalence%20of%20physical%2C%20sexual%20and%5C%2For%20emotional%20IPV%20among%20women%20in%20Samoa%20was%2031.4%25.%20At%20the%20individual%20and%20relationship%5C%2Fhousehold%20level%2C%20women%27s%20employment%2C%20witnessing%20IPV%20between%20parents%2C%20experiencing%20physical%20abuse%20from%20a%20parent%2C%20and%20partner%27s%20alcohol%20use%20and%20controlling%20behaviours%20were%20associated%20with%20higher%20risk%20of%20IPV.%20At%20the%20community%20level%2C%20higher%20levels%20of%20women%20with%20higher%20education%20and%20involved%20in%20household%20decision-making%2C%20and%20higher%20levels%20of%20men%20in%20employment%20were%20protective%20against%20IPV.%5CnInterpretation%5CnA%20complex%20interplay%20of%20factors%20across%20individual%2C%20relationship%5C%2Fhousehold%20and%20community%20levels%20are%20associated%20with%20women%27s%20experience%20of%20IPV%20in%20Samoa.%20Experiences%20of%20IPV%20are%20embedded%20within%20a%20broader%20context%20of%20violence%20against%20children%20and%20harmful%20alcohol%20use.%20Community%20contexts%2C%20including%20women%27s%20empowerment%20and%20men%27s%20employment%2C%20are%20also%20associated%20with%20women%27s%20IPV%20experience%20in%20Samoa.%20These%20findings%20not%20only%20demonstrate%20that%20public%20health%20issues%20such%20as%20IPV%2C%20violence%20against%20children%20and%20harmful%20alcohol%20use%20should%20be%20addressed%20together%20as%20part%20of%20multi-pronged%20approaches%2C%20but%20they%20point%20towards%20the%20importance%20of%20community-level%20analyses%20for%20designing%20and%20delivering%20community-based%20interventions.%20Greater%20knowledge%20of%20community%20dynamics%20will%20enable%20community-based%20interventions%20to%20create%20environments%20at%20the%20community%20level%20that%20support%20meaningful%20and%20sustainable%20change%20towards%20IPV%20prevention.%5CnFunding%5CnFunding%20for%20this%20study%20was%20provided%20by%20UKRI%20%28ref.%20MR%5C%2FS033629%5C%2F1%29.%5CnTranslated%20abstract%5CnOto%5Cu2019otoga%20o%20le%20Sue%5Cu2019suega%5CnE%20tusa%20ma%20le%2026%20%25%20o%20tamaitai%20ua%20aafia%20I%20saua%5Cu2019ga%20i%20faigapa%5Cu2019aga%20i%20le%20lalolagi%20atoa%20e%20afua%20mai%20i%20ni%20mafua%5Cu2019aga%20mai%20le%20tagata%20lava%20ia%2C%20fai%5Cu2019a%20ma%20le%20aiga%20o%20loo%20nofotane%20ai%2C%20faapea%20lona%20tulaga%20I%20lona%20i%20lona%20nuu%20po%20o%20le%20sio%5Cu2019siomaga%20o%20nofo%20ai.%20O%20faigapaa%5Cu2019ga%20taitoatasi%20ma%20le%20siosiomaga%20I%20aiga%20taitasi%20o%20nonofo%20ai%20sa%20mafuli%20I%20ai%20lenei%20sue%5Cu2019suega%2C%20ae%20e%20faa%5Cu2019leai%20ni%20mafuaaga%20o%20sau%5Cu2019aga%20i%20nuu%20e%20manaomia%20e%20fuafua%20ai%20ni%20tali%20o%20lenei%20faa%5Cu2019fitauli%20tu%5Cu2019ga.%5CnAuala%20na%20Faa%5Cu2019ogaina%20I%20le%20Suesuega%5CnSa%20faa%5Cu2019ogaina%20ni%20i%5Cu2019uga%20o%20mafuaaga%20o%20Sau%5Cu2019aga%20o%20Faigapaaga%20mai%20le%20Nofoaga%20filiafila%20e%20le%20suesuega%20a%20le%20Soifua%20Maloloina%20na%20aa%5Cu2019fia%20ai%20tamaitai%20Samoa%20mai%20le%20tausaga%202019-20.%20Sa%20faaogaina%20le%20metotia%20ua%20taua%20faaperetania%20%28Hierarchical%20Multivariable%20Logistic%20Regression%29%20e%20suesueina%20ai%20tama%5Cu2019itai%20taitasi%20ua%20aa%5Cu2019fia%20ma%20latou%20fai%5Cu2019a%20ma%20aiga%20o%20latou%20paaga%2C%20o%20le%20aa%5Cu2019fiaga%20o%20nuu%20ma%20nofoaga%20i%20nei%20ituaiga%20sau%5Cu2019aga.%5CnTau%5Cu2019nuuga%20o%20le%20Suesuega%5CnE%20tusa%20ma%20le%2031.4%25%20o%20tamaitai%20Samoa%20na%20aa%5Cu2019fia%20i%20sauaga%20faa%5Cu2019faigapaaga%20e%20aafia%20ai%20le%20tino%2C%20feusuaiga%2C%20mafaufau%20ma%20lagona.%20O%20le%20va%20o%20le%20tamaitai%20ma%20le%20aiga%20o%20lana%20paaga%20I%20le%20itu%20I%20le%20tamaoaiga%2C%20lona%20tulaga%20I%20galuega%20ua%20molimauina%20ai%20sau%5Cu2019aga%20I%20le%20va%20o%20matua%20o%20le%20tamaitai%20ma%20matua%20foi%20o%20lana%20pa%5Cu2019aga.%20O%20upu%20faa%5Cu2019luma%5Cu2019luma%20a%20matua%2C%20o%20le%20taumafa%20ava%20malosi%20ma%20le%20pule%5Cu2019pule%20tutu%20o%20matua%20I%20fanau%20o%20tulaga%20ia%20ua%20avea%20ma%20faapogai%20o%20sau%5Cu2019aga%20I%20le%20va%20o%20tamaitai%20ma%20latou%20paa%5Cu2019ga.%20I%20totonu%20o%20nuu%20ma%20alalafaga%20e%20maualuga%20le%20numera%20o%20tamaitai%20aoaoina%20lelei%20o%20oloo%20auai%20I%20le%20faiga%20o%20faaiuga%20faapea%20foi%20ta%5Cu2019malii%20faigaluega%20lelei%20latou%20te%20puipui%5Cu2019a%20tama%5Cu2019itai%20mai%20sauaga%20ma%20latou%20paa%5Cu2019ga.%5CnAu%5Cu2019iliiliga%20o%20le%20Sue%5Cu2019su%5Cu2019ega%5CnE%20lavelave%20ma%20faigata%20ona%20manino%20mai%20mafua%5Cu2019ga%20e%20aa%5Cu2019fia%20ai%20tamaitai%20i%20sauaga%20fai%5Cu2019faapaaga%20ona%20o%20le%20mafua%5Cu2019aga%20e%20mai%20lava%20i%20a%20te%20ia%20ma%20lona%20va%20ma%20lona%20aiga%20o%20loo%20nofotane%20ai%2C%20o%20matua%20aemaise%20foi%20le%20nuu.%20O%20aa%5Cu2019fiaga%20o%20nei%20sa%5Cu2019uaga%20ua%20aafia%20ai%20le%20fanau%20ona%20o%20le%20inu%20ava%20malosi%20le%20tau%5Cu2019pulea.%20O%20le%20siitia%20o%20tulaga%20o%20le%20aoaoina%20ma%20le%20tamaoaiga%20o%20tina%20ma%20le%20lelei%20o%20galuega%20a%20alii%20i%20nuu%20ma%20a%5Cu2019lala%5Cu2019faga%2C%20ua%20maitauina%20ua%20avea%20ma%20mafuaa%5Cu2019ga%20o%20nei%20sau%5Cu2019aga%20i%20Samoa.%20O%20tau%5Cu2019nuuga%20o%20lenei%20suesuega%2C%20ua%20faa%5Cu2019ilo%20ai%20i%20le%20vaega%20o%20le%20Soifua%20Maloloina%20Lautele%20o%20Sau%5Cu2019aga%20o%20fanau%20ma%20le%20inu%20ava%20malosi%20le%20tau%20pule%5Cu2019a%20e%20ta%5Cu2019tau%20ona%20faavae%20ai%20ni%20fofo%20o%20lenei%20faafitauli%20o%20Sau%5Cu2019aga%20o%20faa%5Cu2019faigapaaga%20e%20taulamua%20ai%20nuu%20ma%20alalafaga.%20O%20le%20ao%5Cu2019ga%20o%20le%20malamalama%20lelei%20I%20faavae%20o%20nuu%20ma%20alalafaga%2C%20o%20se%20atamai%20sili%20lelei%20ona%20lelei%20e%20faataatiatia%20ai%20alafua%20e%20gafataulimaina%20e%20nuu%20taitasi%20ina%20ia%20faa%5Cu2019foia%20ai%20Sau%5Cu2019aga%20I%20Fai%5Cu2019gapaaga%20mo%20se%20nofo%20lelei%20o%20aiga%20taitasi.%5CnFaatupeina%20o%20lenei%20Su%5Cu2019esu%5Cu2019ega%5CnO%20lenei%20Suesuega%20na%20faa%5Cu2019tupeina%20e%20le%20faa%5Cu2019lapotopotoga%20ale%20UKRI%20%28ref.%20MR%5C%2FS033629%5C%2F1%29.%5CnDisclaimer%3A%5CnThis%20translation%20in%20Samoan%20was%20submitted%20by%20the%20authors%20and%20we%20reproduce%20it%20as%20supplied.%20It%20has%20not%20been%20peer%20reviewed.%20Our%20editorial%20processes%20have%20only%20been%20applied%20to%20the%20original%20abstract%20in%20English%2C%20which%20should%20serve%20as%20reference%20for%20this%20manuscript.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-01-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.lanwpc.2023.100957%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222666-6065%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS2666606523002754%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%223G3XGARD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-11-21T10%3A12%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223SQWR42I%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lowe%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-10-19%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELowe%2C%20H.%2C%20Apelu%2C%20L.%2C%20Brown%2C%20L.%2C%20Tanielu%2C%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Mannell%2C%20J.%20%282023%29.%20Mapping%20communities%20as%20complex%20adaptive%20systems%3A%20A%20study%20of%20the%20response%20to%20violence%20against%20women%20by%20communities%20in%20Samoa.%20%3Ci%3EPLOS%20ONE%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E18%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%20e0290898.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0290898%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0290898%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Mapping%20communities%20as%20complex%20adaptive%20systems%3A%20A%20study%20of%20the%20response%20to%20violence%20against%20women%20by%20communities%20in%20Samoa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hattie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lowe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Louisa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Apelu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brown%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tanielu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jenevieve%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mannell%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20paper%20explores%20the%20concept%20of%20communities%20as%20complex%20adaptive%20systems%20in%20the%20context%20of%20violence%20against%20women%20%28VAW%29%20prevention.%20Using%20thematic%20network%20analysis%20on%20data%20from%2080%20semi-structured%20interviews%20with%20community%20members%20in%20Samoa%2C%20we%20found%20that%20communities%20exhibit%20many%20properties%20of%20complex%20adaptive%20systems.%20Within%20nested%20systems%2C%20diverse%20and%20dynamic%20agents%20interact%20based%20on%20their%20knowledge%20and%20attitudes%2C%20which%20changes%20over%20time%2C%20leading%20to%20emergent%20and%20unpredictable%20outcomes.%20The%20functioning%20of%20communities%20and%20their%20response%20to%20VAW%20is%20a%20product%20of%20non-linear%20and%20emerging%20relationships%20and%20interactions%20between%20systems%20components%20at%20the%20community%20level.%20The%20approach%20we%20propose%20for%20conceptualising%20communities%20as%20complex%20adaptive%20systems%20provides%20a%20structured%20method%20for%20designing%20and%20evaluating%20community-based%20interventions%20that%20are%20grounded%20in%20the%20local%20context%20and%20existing%20resources.%20With%20in-depth%20knowledge%20of%20how%20a%20community%20works%2C%20interventions%20can%20be%20better%20equipped%20to%20address%20wicked%20problems%20such%20as%20VAW.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Oct%2019%2C%202023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0290898%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221932-6203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.plos.org%5C%2Fplosone%5C%2Farticle%3Fid%3D10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0290898%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%223G3XGARD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-11-02T07%3A15%3A51Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22USUNKKFX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-06-13%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3ESexual%20and%20reproductive%20health%20and%20gender-based%20violence%20in%20Samoa%3A%20A%20review%20of%20policy%20and%20legislation%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%282022%2C%20June%2013%29.%20UNFPA%20Pacific%20Island%20Countries.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpacific.unfpa.org%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fpublications%5C%2Fsexual-and-reproductive-health-and-gender-based-violence-samoa-review-policy-and%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpacific.unfpa.org%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fpublications%5C%2Fsexual-and-reproductive-health-and-gender-based-violence-samoa-review-policy-and%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Sexual%20and%20reproductive%20health%20and%20gender-based%20violence%20in%20Samoa%3A%20A%20review%20of%20policy%20and%20legislation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20purpose%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20identify%20and%20analyse%20policies%20and%20legislation%20related%20to%20SRHR%20and%20GBV%20in%20Samoa.%20The%20study%20consisted%20primarily%20of%20a%20desk-based%20review%2C%20which%20examined%20national%20legislation%2C%20policies%2C%20peer%20reviewed%20literature%2C%20and%20other%20published%20reports%20relevant%20to%20SRHR%20and%20GBV%20in%20Samoa.%20Document%20search%20and%20retrieval%20occurred%20from%20July%202020%20to%20July%202021.%20The%20second%20stage%20of%20the%20review%20involved%20a%20content%20analysis%20of%20the%20included%20documents.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-06-13T02%3A03%3A24%2B03%3A00%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpacific.unfpa.org%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fpublications%5C%2Fsexual-and-reproductive-health-and-gender-based-violence-samoa-review-policy-and%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%223G3XGARD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-01-30T13%3A29%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CBNXE76Z%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Peltzer%20and%20Pengpid%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPeltzer%2C%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Pengpid%2C%20S.%20%282016%29.%20Risk%20and%20Protective%20Factors%20Affecting%20Sexual%20Risk%20Behavior%20Among%20School-Aged%20Adolescents%20in%20Fiji%2C%20Kiribati%2C%20Samoa%2C%20and%20Vanuatu.%20%3Ci%3EAsia-Pacific%20Journal%20of%20Public%20Health%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E28%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%20404%26%23x2013%3B415.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1010539516650725%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1010539516650725%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Risk%20and%20Protective%20Factors%20Affecting%20Sexual%20Risk%20Behavior%20Among%20School-Aged%20Adolescents%20in%20Fiji%2C%20Kiribati%2C%20Samoa%2C%20and%20Vanuatu%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karl%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peltzer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Supa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pengpid%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22There%20are%20limited%20studies%20on%20the%20prevalence%20and%20correlates%20of%20sexual%20risk%20behavior%20among%20adolescents%20in%20Pacific%20Island%20countries.%20In%20order%20to%20inform%20public%20sexual%20and%20reproductive%20health%20interventions%2C%20the%20aim%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20assess%20the%20prevalence%20and%20correlates%20of%20various%20sexual%20risk%20behaviors%20among%20in-school%20adolescents%20in%204%20Pacific%20Island%20countries%20using%20data%20from%20the%20Global%20School-Based%20Health%20Survey.%20In%20a%20cross-sectional%20study%2C%206792%20school-going%20adolescents%20%2849.7%25%20boys%20and%2050.3%25%20girls%3B%2013-16%20years%20old%29%20from%20Fiji%2C%20Kiribati%2C%20Samoa%2C%20and%20Vanuatu%20were%20surveyed%20with%20a%20self-administered%20questionnaire.%20Overall%2C%2018.9%25%20of%20students%20reported%20to%20ever%20had%20sex%20%28ranging%20from%2012.9%25%20in%20Vanuatu%20to%2057.5%25%20in%20Samoa%29%2C%20and%20of%20those%20sexually%20active%2C%2038.0%25%20had%20an%20early%20sexual%20debut%20%28%3C14%20years%29%2C%2038.1%25%20had%202%20or%20more%20sexual%20partners%20during%20their%20lifetime%2C%2039.5%25%20had%20not%20used%20a%20condom%20at%20last%20sex%2C%2050.9%25%20had%20not%20used%20birth%20control%20at%20last%20sex%2C%20and%2077.8%25%20engaged%20in%20sexually%20risky%20behavior%20using%20a%20composite%20measure.%20Multivariate%20logistic%20regression%20found%20that%20male%20sex%2C%20older%20age%2C%20tobacco%20use%2C%20alcohol%20use%2C%20mental%20distress%2C%20having%20no%20close%20friends%2C%20and%20truancy%20were%20associated%20with%20several%20of%205%20or%20all%205%20sexual%20risk%20behaviors.%20Sexual%20and%20reproductive%20health%20promotion%20programs%20are%20indicated%20to%20address%20the%20high%20risk%20of%20sexually%20transmitted%20infection%2C%20HIV%2C%20and%20pregnancy%20in%20this%20adolescent%20population.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016-07%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F1010539516650725%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221941-2479%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2F27242369%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22HPFHIDW4%22%2C%2283Z4HSIG%22%2C%223G3XGARD%22%2C%22I2VSDVFN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-16T12%3A57%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QGNAMZTZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Suaalii-Sauni%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESuaalii-Sauni%2C%20T.%2C%20Aiavao%2C%20F.%2C%20Faafeu-Hope%2C%20E.%2C%20Sopoaga%2C%20T.%2C%20Paul%2C%20C.%2C%20Righarts%2C%20A.%2C%20McCool%2C%20J.%2C%20Nina%20Kirifi-Alai%2C%20T.%2C%20Hill%2C%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fuatai%2C%20F.%20L.%20I.%20%282011%29.%20Strengthening%20Health%20Research%20Capacity%20From%20Within%20Samoa.%20%3Ci%3EAsia%20Pacific%20Journal%20of%20Public%20Health%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E23%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20100%26%23x2013%3B109.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1010539510390782%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1010539510390782%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Strengthening%20Health%20Research%20Capacity%20From%20Within%20Samoa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tamasailau%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Suaalii-Sauni%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fulisia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aiavao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eseta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Faafeu-Hope%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tai%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sopoaga%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charlotte%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paul%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Antoinette%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Righarts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Judith%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McCool%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tofilau%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nina%20Kirifi-Alai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philip%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hill%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fonoti%20Lafitai%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fuatai%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20article%20reflects%20on%20the%20challenges%20of%20strengthening%20health%20research%20capacity%20from%20within%20Samoa.%20It%20examines%20the%20status%20of%20health%20research%20and%20related%20curricula%20in%20Samoa%20and%20discusses%20the%20outcomes%20of%20a%20new%20postgraduate%20applied%20social%20and%20health%20research%20methods%20course%20taught%20in%20Samoa%20for%20the%20first%20time%20from%205%20January%20to%2012%20February%202010%20by%20the%20Department%20of%20Preventive%20and%20Social%20Medicine%2C%20University%20of%20Otago%20in%20collaboration%20with%20the%20Centre%20for%20Samoan%20Studies%2C%20National%20University%20of%20Samoa.%20The%20article%20argues%20that%20collaborative%20health%20research%20courses%20such%20as%20this%20methods%20paper%20can%20fill%20a%20curriculum%20gap%20in%20New%20Zealand%20and%20Samoa%20and%20contribute%20directly%20toward%20strengthening%20Samoa%20health%20research%20capacity%20in%20ways%20that%20benefit%20both%20Samoa%20and%20New%20Zealand.%20This%20initiative%20can%20be%20a%20flagship%20for%20strategies%20operating%20from%20within%20Samoa%20that%20can%20build%20real%20win-win%20type%20partnerships.%20These%20can%20be%20ably%20led%20by%20Samoans%20for%20the%20ultimate%20development%20of%20an%20affordable%20and%20sustainable%20quality%20health%20and%20education%20infrastructure%20for%20Samoa.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2201%5C%2F2011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F1010539510390782%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221010-5395%2C%201941-2479%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1010539510390782%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%223G3XGARD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-08T09%3A44%3A32Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AKSNSJEI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chung-Do%20and%20Goebert%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChung-Do%2C%20J.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Goebert%2C%20D.%20A.%20%282009%29.%20Acculturation%20and%20Dating%20Violence%20Victimization%20Among%20Filipino%20and%20Samoan%20Youths.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20School%20Violence%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E8%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20338%26%23x2013%3B354.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F15388220903132714%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F15388220903132714%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Acculturation%20and%20Dating%20Violence%20Victimization%20Among%20Filipino%20and%20Samoan%20Youths%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jane%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chung-Do%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Deborah%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goebert%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Dating%20violence%20victimization%20is%20an%20important%20public%20health%20issue.%20Recent%20studies%20on%20minority%20youths%20have%20found%20higher%20risks%20of%20dating%20violence%20victimization%20compared%20to%20White%20youths.%20This%20study%20examined%20the%20influence%20of%20acculturation%20components%20on%20youths%27%20experiences%20of%20dating%20violence%20by%20utilizing%20data%20from%20a%20survey%20of%20193%20Samoan%20and%20Filipino%20youths%20in%20Hawai%27i.%20We%20found%20that%20parental%20role%20%28punishment%29%20and%20gender%20roles%20%28appearance%2C%20female%20empowerment%29%20were%20associated%20with%20verbal%20abuse%20dating%20violence%20victimization.%20We%20found%20that%20gender%20role%20%28appearance%29%20and%20ethnic%20identity%20%28out-group%20orientation%29%20were%20associated%20with%20controlling%20dating%20violence%20victimization.%20Ethnic%20identity%20%28i.e.%2C%20ethnic%20identity%20achievement%20%3D%20having%20strong%20commitment%20to%20own%20ethnicity%29%20was%20a%20protective%20factor%20for%20controlling%20dating%20violence%20victimization.%20Parental%20roles%20may%20mediate%20gender%20role%20attitudes%20and%20ethnic%20identity%20in%20immigrant%20youths.%20This%20highlights%20the%20need%20for%20culturally-tailored%20dating%20violence%20prevention%20and%20intervention%20efforts%20for%20youths%20and%20their%20families.%3Cp%20%5C%2F%3E%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F15388220903132714%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221538-8220%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.safetylit.org%5C%2Fcitations%5C%2Findex.php%3Ffuseaction%3Dcitations.viewdetails%26citationIds%5B%5D%3Dcitjournalarticle_179601_24%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%223G3XGARD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-08T09%3A46%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2254BRRU5K%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Garc%5Cu00eda-Moreno%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222005-02-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGarc%26%23xED%3Ba-Moreno%2C%20C.%2C%20Jansen%2C%20H.%20A.%20F.%20M.%2C%20Ellsberg%2C%20M.%2C%20Heise%2C%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Charlotte%20Watts.%20%282005%29.%20%3Ci%3EMulti-country%20study%20on%20women%26%23x2019%3Bs%20health%20and%20domestic%20violence%3A%20Samoa%2C%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20WHO.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.who.int%5C%2Fpublications%5C%2Fi%5C%2Fitem%5C%2F924159358X%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.who.int%5C%2Fpublications%5C%2Fi%5C%2Fitem%5C%2F924159358X%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Multi-country%20study%20on%20women%27s%20health%20and%20domestic%20violence%3A%20Samoa%2C%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claudia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garc%5Cu00eda-Moreno%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Henrica%20A.F.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jansen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mary%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ellsberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lori%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heise%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Charlotte%20Watts%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22WHO%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2210%20February%202005%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.who.int%5C%2Fpublications%5C%2Fi%5C%2Fitem%5C%2F924159358X%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%223G3XGARD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-08T09%3A40%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Lowe, H., Mannell, J., Faumuina, T., Sinclair, L., Tamanikaiyaroi, L., & Brown, L. (2024). Violence in childhood and community contexts: a multi-level model of factors associated with women’s intimate partner violence experience in Samoa. The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, 42, 100957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100957
Lowe, H., Apelu, L., Brown, L., Tanielu, H., & Mannell, J. (2023). Mapping communities as complex adaptive systems: A study of the response to violence against women by communities in Samoa. PLOS ONE, 18(10), e0290898. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290898
Sexual and reproductive health and gender-based violence in Samoa: A review of policy and legislation. (2022, June 13). UNFPA Pacific Island Countries. https://pacific.unfpa.org/en/publications/sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-gender-based-violence-samoa-review-policy-and
Peltzer, K., & Pengpid, S. (2016). Risk and Protective Factors Affecting Sexual Risk Behavior Among School-Aged Adolescents in Fiji, Kiribati, Samoa, and Vanuatu. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 28(5), 404–415. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539516650725
Suaalii-Sauni, T., Aiavao, F., Faafeu-Hope, E., Sopoaga, T., Paul, C., Righarts, A., McCool, J., Nina Kirifi-Alai, T., Hill, P., & Fuatai, F. L. I. (2011). Strengthening Health Research Capacity From Within Samoa. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 23(1), 100–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539510390782
Chung-Do, J. J., & Goebert, D. A. (2009). Acculturation and Dating Violence Victimization Among Filipino and Samoan Youths. Journal of School Violence, 8(4), 338–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220903132714
García-Moreno, C., Jansen, H. A. F. M., Ellsberg, M., Heise, L., & Charlotte Watts. (2005). Multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence: Samoa,. WHO. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/924159358X