9542089
XBDR9Q92
1
apa
50
date
desc
2426
https://www.svri.org/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22TQUHS436%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Torrance%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-03-31%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETorrance%2C%20R.%2C%20Akli%2C%20Q.%2C%20Ahmed%2C%20R.%2C%20Cust%2C%20H.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Cislaghi%2C%20B.%20%282024%29.%20The%20influence%20of%20social%20norms%20on%20sexual%20violence%20and%20physical%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20in%20Somalia%3A%20A%20systematic%20literature%20review.%20%3Ci%3EAggression%20and%20Violent%20Behavior%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20101944.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.avb.2024.101944%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.avb.2024.101944%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20influence%20of%20social%20norms%20on%20sexual%20violence%20and%20physical%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20in%20Somalia%3A%20A%20systematic%20literature%20review%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Torrance%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Quman%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Akli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rahma%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ahmed%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Henry%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cust%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Beniamino%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cislaghi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20systematic%20literature%20review%20sought%20to%20identify%20social%20norms%20influencing%20the%20perpetration%20of%2C%20and%20response%20to%2C%20sexual%20violence%20and%20physical%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20in%20Somalia.%20A%20systematic%20search%20of%20four%20online%20databases%20%28Embase%2C%20Cinahl%20Plus%2C%20Scopus%2C%20and%20PsychINFO%29%20was%20undertaken%20to%20identify%20peer-reviewed%20articles%20relevant%20to%20this%20study.%20The%20search%20was%20then%20expanded%20to%20identify%20other%20relevant%20documents%20published%20out%20with%20academic%20journals%2C%20such%20as%20technical%20or%20government%20reports.%20A%20total%20of%2019%20peer-reviewed%20journal%20articles%2C%20books%2C%20or%20book%20chapters%20were%20identified%2C%20in%20addition%20to%20other%20relevant%20papers%20and%20reports.%20A%20variety%20of%20norms%20were%20identified%2C%20which%20could%20be%20categorized%20as%20norms%20contributing%20to%20violence%2C%20norms%20limiting%20prevention%20or%20support%2C%20and%20norms%20preventing%20violence%20or%20diminishing%20its%20consequences.%20The%20literature%20review%20underlined%20the%20importance%20of%20considering%20the%20intersectionality%20of%20social%20norms%20and%20individual%2C%20institutional%2C%20material%2C%20and%20other%20social%20influences%20on%20behaviour%20when%20seeking%20to%20design%20interventions%20to%20address%20sexual%20violence%20and%20physical%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20in%20Somalia.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-03-31%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.avb.2024.101944%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221359-1789%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS135917892400034X%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XBDR9Q92%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-05T11%3A58%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225Q3W5H5P%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dahie%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-01-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDahie%2C%20H.%20A.%2C%20Dakane%2C%20M.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hassan%2C%20B.%20S.%20%282023%29.%20Prevalence%2C%20patterns%2C%20and%20determinants%20of%20gender-based%20violence%20among%20women%20and%20girls%20in%20IDP%20camps%2C%20Mogadishu-Somalia.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Migration%20and%20Health%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E8%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20100193.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jmh.2023.100193%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jmh.2023.100193%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Prevalence%2C%20patterns%2C%20and%20determinants%20of%20gender-based%20violence%20among%20women%20and%20girls%20in%20IDP%20camps%2C%20Mogadishu-Somalia%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hassan%20Abdullahi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dahie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mohamed%20Maalim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dakane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bashir%20Said%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hassan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%5CnGender-based%20violence%20%28GBV%29%20against%20women%20and%20girls%2C%20is%20a%20global%20pandemic%20that%20affects%201%20in%203%20women%20in%20their%20lifetime.%20Somalia%20is%20one%20of%20the%20leading%20countries%20in%20human%20rights%20violations%20and%20has%20one%20of%20the%20highest%20rates%20of%20sexual%20and%20gender-based%20violence%20%28SGBV%29%20worldwide.%20Such%20violence%20is%20more%20prevalent%20among%20women%20and%20girls%20in%20internally%20displaced%20persons%20%28IDP%29%20camps%20who%20lack%20livelihood%20and%20civil%20protections.%20Therefore%2C%20this%20study%20was%20designed%20to%20identify%20the%20prevalence%20and%20the%20determinants%20of%20gender-based%20violence%20in%20IDP%20camps%20in%20Deynile%20district%2C%20Somalia.%5CnMethods%5CnThis%20is%20a%20cross-sectional%20study%20design%20conducted%20in%20IDP%20camps%20in%20Deynile%20District%20from%20August%201%20to%20September%2030%2C%202022.%20A%20total%20of%20three%20hundred%20eighty-four%20women%20and%20girls%20aged%2018%20years%20and%20above%20living%20in%20the%20selected%20IDP%20camps%20were%20involved%20in%20the%20study.%20The%20camps%20were%20selected%20randomly%20while%20households%20and%20participants%20were%20selected%20systematic%20random%20sampling.%20The%20recall%20period%20was%20set%20at%2012%20months%20%28August%202021%20to%20July%202022%29.%20Participants%20were%20interviewed%20by%20well-trained%20research%20assistants%20using%20pre-tested%20structured%20questionnaire.%20Data%20was%20entered%20into%20and%20analyzed%20with%20SPSS%2025.0.%20Logistic%20regression%20was%20used%2C%20and%20the%20significance%20level%20was%20set%20at%20p%20value%20%5Cu2264%200.05.%5CnResult%5CnThe%20study%20revealed%20that%5Cu00a0gender-based%20violence%20was%20quite%5Cu00a0common%20in%20the%20IDP%20camps%20in%20Mogadishu%27s%20Deynile%20area.%20Physical%20abuse%20was%20the%20most%20prevalent%20type%20of%20GBV%2C%20which%20was%20primarily%20committed%20by%20intimate%20partners%2C%20parents%2C%20and%20other%20family%20members.%20The%20main%20factors%20associated%20with%20gender-based%20violence%20were%20young%20age%20%28OR%3D4.77%2C%2095%25%20CI%3A%201.96%5Cu201311.63%2C%20p%3C0.001%29%2C%20extended%20family%20structure%20%28OR%3D7.89%2C%2095%25%20CI%3A%204.30%5Cu201314.47%2C%20p%3C0.001%29%2C%20household%20size%20%3E5%20individuals%20%28OR%3D1.86%2C%2095%25%20CI%3A1.04%5Cu20133.30%2C%20p%3C0.005%29%2C%20employment%20%28OR%3D1.57%2C%2095%25%20CI%3A%201.0.41%5Cu20132.32%2C%20p%3C0.05%29%2C%20substance%20misuse%20%28OR%3D3.25%2C%2095%25%20CI%3A%201.57%5Cu20136.73%2C%20p%3C0.05%29%2C%20a%20long%20distance%20to%20the%20nearest%20police%20station%20%28OR%3D2.75%2C%2095%25%20CI%3A1.51%5Cu20135.00%2C%20p%3C0.005%29%2C%20and%20camp%20safety%20protection%20%28OR%3D1.94%2C%2095%25%20CI%3A1.24%5Cu20133.30%2C%20p%3C0.005%29.%5CnConclusion%20and%20recommendations%5CnThere%20was%20a%20high%20prevalence%20of%20gender-based%20violence%20in%20the%20IDP%20camps%20in%20Mogadishu%27s%20Deynile%20area.%20The%20most%20common%20form%20of%20GBV%20was%20physical%20violence%20mainly%20perpetuated%20by%20intimate%20partners.%20The%20study%20recommends%20improving%20some%20of%20the%20modifiable%20factors%20that%20were%20strongly%20associated%5Cu00a0with%20gender-based%20violence.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-01-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jmh.2023.100193%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222666-6235%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS2666623523000430%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XBDR9Q92%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-08-31T09%3A23%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BQRD7D7X%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Boeyink%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-01-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBoeyink%2C%20C.%2C%20Ali-Salad%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Baruti%2C%20E.%20W.%2C%20Bile%2C%20A.%20S.%2C%20Falisse%2C%20J.-B.%2C%20Kazamwali%2C%20L.%20M.%2C%20Mohamoud%2C%20S.%20A.%2C%20Muganza%2C%20H.%20N.%2C%20Mukwege%2C%20D.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Mahmud%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282022%29.%20Pathways%20to%20care%3A%20IDPs%20seeking%20health%20support%20and%20justice%20for%20sexual%20and%20gender-based%20violence%20through%20social%20connections%20in%20Garowe%20and%20Kismayo%2C%20Somalia%20and%20South%20Kivu%2C%20DRC.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Migration%20and%20Health%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E6%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20100129.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jmh.2022.100129%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jmh.2022.100129%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Pathways%20to%20care%3A%20IDPs%20seeking%20health%20support%20and%20justice%20for%20sexual%20and%20gender-based%20violence%20through%20social%20connections%20in%20Garowe%20and%20Kismayo%2C%20Somalia%20and%20South%20Kivu%2C%20DRC%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clayton%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boeyink%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mohamed%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ali-Salad%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Esther%20Wanyema%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baruti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ahmed%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bile%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Beno%5Cu00eet%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Falisse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leonard%20Muzee%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kazamwali%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Said%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mohamoud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Henry%20Ngongo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Muganza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Denise%20Mapendo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mukwege%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amina%20Jama%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahmud%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20growing%20literature%20documents%20the%20significant%20barriers%20to%20accessing%20care%20that%20Internally%20Displaced%20Persons%20%28IDPs%29%20face.%20This%20study%20focuses%20on%20gender-based%20violence%20%28SGBV%29%2C%20an%20issue%20often%20exacerbated%20in%20times%20of%20forced%20displacement%2C%20and%20adds%20to%20extant%20debates%20by%20considering%20the%20wide%20range%20of%20social%20connections%20%28pathways%20and%20actors%29%20involved%20in%20providing%20care%20beyond%20the%20formal%20biomedical%20%28and%20justice%29%20system.%20This%20research%20asks%2C%20who%20do%20IDPs%20turn%20to%20following%20SGBV%20and%20why%3F%20How%20effective%20do%20IDPs%20perceive%20these%20social%20connections%20to%20be%3F%20To%20answer%20these%20research%20questions%2C%20the%20study%20used%20%5Cu2018participatory%20social%20mapping%5Cu2019%20methodology%20for%2031%20workshops%20held%20with%20over%20200%20participants%20in%20Somalia%20and%20the%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo%20in%202021%5C%2F2022.%20Pathways%20to%20SGBV-related%20care%20for%20IDPs%20appear%20eclectic%20and%20contingent%20upon%20not%20only%20the%20availability%20and%20accessibility%20of%20support%20resources%20but%20also%20social%2C%20cultural%20and%20gendered%20beliefs%20and%20practices.%20%5Cu2018Physical%5Cu2019%2C%20mental%20health%2C%20and%20justice%20needs%20are%20intertwined.%20They%20are%20hard%20to%20decouple%20as%20many%20actors%20cut%20across%20need%20categories%2C%20including%20family%2C%20faith%20and%20aid%20organisations%2C%20and%20customary%20institutions.%20Comparing%20Congolese%20and%20Somali%20sites%20of%20displaced%20communities%2C%20we%20see%20significant%20similarities%20and%20overlaps%20in%20pathways%20to%20care.%20While%20both%20countries%20have%20experienced%20severe%20erosions%20of%20state%20capacity%2C%20NGOs%20and%20parallel%20faith-based%20and%20customary%20legal%2C%20psychological%2C%20and%20health%20systems%5Cu00a0have%20filled%20the%20state%27s%20weakness%5Cu00a0to%20varying%20degrees%20of%20acceptance%20by%20IDP%20participants.%20A%20comprehensive%20understanding%20of%20the%20local%20milieu%2C%20which%20requires%20illuminating%20the%20logics%20behind%20where%20people%20actually%20turn%20to%20for%20care%2C%20is%20crucial%20for%20interventions%20supporting%20SGBV%20victims%5C%2Fsurvivors%3B%20indeed%2C%20they%20risk%20being%20inefficient%20if%20they%20only%20address%20barriers%20to%20formal%20systems.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-01-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jmh.2022.100129%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222666-6235%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS2666623522000526%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XBDR9Q92%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-08-31T09%3A23%3A41Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VPXG2HP5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%2228%20Too%20Many%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E28%20Too%20Many.%20%282021%29.%20%3Ci%3ECountry%20profile%3A%20FGM%20in%20Somalia%20and%20Somaliland.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2028%20Too%20Many.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.28toomany.org%5C%2Fmedia%5C%2Fuploads%5C%2FCountry%2520Research%2520and%2520Resources%5C%2FSomaliaSomaliland%5C%2Fsomalia_and_somaliland_country_profile_update_v2_%28march_2021%29.pdf%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.28toomany.org%5C%2Fmedia%5C%2Fuploads%5C%2FCountry%2520Research%2520and%2520Resources%5C%2FSomaliaSomaliland%5C%2Fsomalia_and_somaliland_country_profile_update_v2_%28march_2021%29.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Country%20profile%3A%20FGM%20in%20Somalia%20and%20Somaliland.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%2228%20Too%20Many%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%2228%20Too%20Many%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22March%202021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.28toomany.org%5C%2Fmedia%5C%2Fuploads%5C%2FCountry%2520Research%2520and%2520Resources%5C%2FSomaliaSomaliland%5C%2Fsomalia_and_somaliland_country_profile_update_v2_%28march_2021%29.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XBDR9Q92%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-10-25T11%3A27%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LD7SAN59%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hossain%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHossain%2C%20M.%2C%20Pearson%2C%20R.%2C%20McAlpine%2C%20A.%2C%20Bacchus%2C%20L.%2C%20Muuo%2C%20S.%20W.%2C%20Muthuri%2C%20S.%20K.%2C%20Spangaro%2C%20J.%2C%20Kuper%2C%20H.%2C%20Franchi%2C%20G.%2C%20Pla%20Cordero%2C%20R.%2C%20Cornish-Spencer%2C%20S.%2C%20Hess%2C%20T.%2C%20Bangha%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Izugbara%2C%20C.%20%282020%29.%20Disability%2C%20violence%2C%20and%20mental%20health%20among%20Somali%20refugee%20women%20in%20a%20humanitarian%20setting.%20%3Ci%3EGlobal%20Mental%20Health%20%28Cambridge%2C%20England%29%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E7%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20e30.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2Fgmh.2020.23%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2Fgmh.2020.23%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Disability%2C%20violence%2C%20and%20mental%20health%20among%20Somali%20refugee%20women%20in%20a%20humanitarian%20setting%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mazeda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hossain%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pearson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alys%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McAlpine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Loraine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bacchus%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sheru%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Muuo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stella%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Muthuri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spangaro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hannah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kuper%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Giorgia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franchi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ricardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pla%20Cordero%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cornish-Spencer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hess%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bangha%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chimaraoke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Izugbara%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20There%20is%20limited%20evidence%20on%20the%20relationship%20between%20disability%2C%20experiences%20of%20gender-based%20violence%20%28GBV%29%2C%20and%20mental%20health%20among%20refugee%20women%20in%20humanitarian%20contexts.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20A%20cross-sectional%20analysis%20was%20conducted%20of%20baseline%20data%20%28n%20%3D%20209%29%20collected%20from%20women%20enrolled%20in%20a%20cohort%20study%20of%20refugee%20women%20accessing%20GBV%20response%20services%20in%20the%20Dadaab%20refugee%20camps%20in%20Kenya.%20Women%20were%20surveyed%20about%20GBV%20experiences%20%28past%2012%20months%2C%20before%20the%20last%2012%20months%2C%20before%20arriving%20in%20the%20refugee%20camps%29%2C%20functional%20disability%20status%2C%20and%20mental%20health%20%28anxiety%2C%20depression%2C%20post-traumatic%20stress%29%2C%20and%20we%20explored%20the%20inter-relationship%20of%20these%20factors.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20Among%20women%20accessing%20GBV%20response%20services%2C%2044%25%20reported%20a%20disability.%20A%20higher%20proportion%20of%20women%20with%20a%20disability%20%2869%25%29%20reported%20a%20past-year%20experience%20of%20physical%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20and%5C%2For%20physical%20or%20sexual%20non-partner%20violence%2C%20compared%20to%20women%20without%20a%20disability%20%2854%25%29.%20A%20higher%20proportion%20of%20women%20with%20a%20disability%20%2832%25%29%20experienced%20non-partner%20physical%20or%20sexual%20violence%20before%20arriving%20in%20the%20camp%20compared%20to%20women%20without%20a%20disability%20%2816%25%29.%20Disability%20was%20associated%20with%20higher%20scores%20for%20depression%20%281.93%2C%2095%25%20confidence%20interval%20%28CI%29%200.54-3.33%29%2C%20PTSD%20%282.26%2C%2095%25%20CI%200.03-4.49%29%2C%20and%20anxiety%20%281.54%2C%2095%25%20CI%200.13-2.95%29%20after%20adjusting%20for%20age%2C%20length%20of%20encampment%2C%20partner%20status%2C%20number%20of%20children%2C%20and%20GBV%20indicators.%5CnCONCLUSIONS%3A%20A%20large%20proportion%20of%20refugee%20women%20seeking%20GBV%20response%20services%20have%20disabilities%2C%20and%20refugee%20women%20with%20a%20disability%20are%20at%20high%20risk%20of%20poor%20mental%20health.%20This%20research%20highlights%20the%20need%20for%20mental%20health%20and%20disability%20screening%20within%20GBV%20response%20programming.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1017%5C%2Fgmh.2020.23%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222054-4251%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XBDR9Q92%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-01-24T13%3A37%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QPK39J2Q%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Glass%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-03-13%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGlass%2C%20N.%2C%20Perrin%2C%20N.%2C%20Marsh%2C%20M.%2C%20Clough%2C%20A.%2C%20Desgroppes%2C%20A.%2C%20Kaburu%2C%20F.%2C%20Ross%2C%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Read-Hamilton%2C%20S.%20%282019%29.%20Effectiveness%20of%20the%20Communities%20Care%20programme%20on%20change%20in%20social%20norms%20associated%20with%20gender-based%20violence%20%28GBV%29%20with%20residents%20in%20intervention%20compared%20with%20control%20districts%20in%20Mogadishu%2C%20Somalia.%20%3Ci%3EBMJ%20Open%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20e023819.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Fbmjopen-2018-023819%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Fbmjopen-2018-023819%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effectiveness%20of%20the%20Communities%20Care%20programme%20on%20change%20in%20social%20norms%20associated%20with%20gender-based%20violence%20%28GBV%29%20with%20residents%20in%20intervention%20compared%20with%20control%20districts%20in%20Mogadishu%2C%20Somalia%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nancy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glass%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nancy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perrin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mendy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marsh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amber%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clough%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amelie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Desgroppes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francesco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaburu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brendan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ross%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sophie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Read-Hamilton%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22OBJECTIVE%3A%20Determine%20the%20effectiveness%20of%20the%20Communities%20Care%20programme%20%28CCP%29%20on%20change%20in%20harmful%20social%20norms%20associated%20with%20gender-based%20violence%20%28GBV%29%20and%20confidence%20in%20provision%20of%20services%20with%20residents%20in%20intervention%20compared%20with%20control%20district.%20We%20hypothesised%20that%20residents%20in%20the%20intervention%20district%20would%20report%20a%20decrease%20in%20support%20for%20harmful%20social%20norms%20and%20increase%20in%20confidence%20in%20services%20in%20comparison%20with%20control%20district.%5CnSETTING%3A%20The%20study%20was%20conducted%20in%20Mogadishu%2C%20Somalia.%5CnPARTICIPANTS%3A%20In%20the%20intervention%20district%2C%20192%20community%20members%20%2850%25%20women%29%20completed%20baseline%20surveys%20with%20163%20%2884.9%25%29%20retained%20at%20endline.%20In%20the%20control%20district%2C%20195%20community%20members%20%2850%25%20women%29%20completed%20baseline%20surveys%20with%20167%20%2885.6%25%29%20retained%20at%20endline.%5CnINTERVENTION%3A%20CCP%20uses%20facilitated%20dialogues%20with%20community%20members%20to%20catalyse%20GBV%20prevention%20actions%20and%20provides%20training%20to%20diverse%20sectors%20to%20strengthen%20response%20services%20for%20GBV%20survivors.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20Residents%20in%20the%20intervention%20district%20had%20significantly%20greater%20improvement%20in%20change%20in%20social%20norms%3A%20%281%29%20response%20to%20sexual%20violence%20%28b%3D-0.214%2C%20p%3D0.041%29%3B%20%282%29%20protecting%20family%20honour%20%28b%3D-0.558%2C%20p%3C0.001%29%3B%20and%20%283%29%20husband%27s%20right%20to%20use%20violence%20%28b%3D-0.309%2C%20p%3D0.003%29%20compared%20with%20control%20district%20participants.%20The%20greatest%20change%20was%20seen%20in%20the%20norm%20of%20%27protecting%20family%20honour%27%20with%20a%20Cohen%27s%20d%20effect%20size%20%28ES%29%20of%200.70%2C%20followed%20by%20the%20norm%20%27husband%27s%20right%20to%20use%20violence%27%20%28ES%3D0.38%29%2C%20and%20then%20the%20norm%20of%20%27response%20to%20sexual%20violence%27%20%28ES%3D0.28%29.%20Residents%20in%20intervention%20district%20had%20a%20significantly%20greater%20increase%20in%20confidence%20in%20provision%20of%20GBV%20services%20across%20diverse%20sectors%20than%20the%20control%20district%20%28b%3D0.318%2C%20p%3C0.001%29%20with%20an%20associated%20effect%20size%20of%200.67.%20There%20were%20no%20significant%20differences%20between%20residents%20in%20intervention%20and%20control%20districts%20on%20change%20in%20personal%20beliefs%20on%20the%20norms.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20The%20evaluation%20showed%20the%20promise%20of%20CCP%20in%20changing%20harmful%20social%20norms%20associated%20with%20GBV%20and%20increasing%20confidence%20in%20provision%20of%20services%20in%20a%20complex%20humanitarian%20setting.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019-03-13%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1136%5C%2Fbmjopen-2018-023819%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222044-6055%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2F30872541%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XBDR9Q92%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-10-25T11%3A59%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GZWEN2QS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wirtz%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWirtz%2C%20A.%20L.%2C%20Perrin%2C%20N.%20A.%2C%20Desgroppes%2C%20A.%2C%20Phipps%2C%20V.%2C%20Abdi%2C%20A.%20A.%2C%20Ross%2C%20B.%2C%20Kaburu%2C%20F.%2C%20Kajue%2C%20I.%2C%20Kutto%2C%20E.%2C%20Taniguchi%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Glass%2C%20N.%20%282018%29.%20Lifetime%20prevalence%2C%20correlates%20and%20health%20consequences%20of%20gender-based%20violence%20victimisation%20and%20perpetration%20among%20men%20and%20women%20in%20Somalia.%20%3Ci%3EBMJ%20Global%20Health%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E3%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20e000773.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Fbmjgh-2018-000773%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Fbmjgh-2018-000773%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Lifetime%20prevalence%2C%20correlates%20and%20health%20consequences%20of%20gender-based%20violence%20victimisation%20and%20perpetration%20among%20men%20and%20women%20in%20Somalia%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrea%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wirtz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nancy%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perrin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amelie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Desgroppes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Phipps%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ali%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abdi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brendan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ross%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francesco%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaburu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Isatu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kajue%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ezekiel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kutto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eri%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Taniguchi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nancy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glass%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20Humanitarian%20emergencies%20increase%20the%20risk%20of%20gender-based%20violence%20%28GBV%29.%20We%20estimated%20the%20prevalence%20of%20GBV%20victimisation%20and%20perpetration%20among%20women%20and%20men%20in%20urban%20settings%20across%20Somalia%2C%20which%20has%20faced%20decades%20of%20war%20and%20natural%20disasters%20that%20have%20resulted%20in%20massive%20population%20displacements.%20%3Cbr%3E%3Cbr%3EMETHODS%3A%20A%20population-based%20survey%20was%20conducted%20in%2014%20urban%20areas%20across%20Somalia%20between%20December%202014%20and%20November%202015.%20%3Cbr%3E%3Cbr%3ERESULTS%3A%20A%20total%20of%202376%20women%20and%202257%20men%20participated%20in%20the%20survey.%20One%20in%20five%20men%20%2822.2%25%2C%2095%25%20CI%2020.5%20to%2023.9%29%20and%20one%20in%20seven%20%2815.5%25%3B%2095%25%20CI%2014.1%20to%2017.0%29%20women%20reported%20physical%20or%20sexual%20violence%20victimisation%20during%20childhood.%20Among%20women%2C%2035.6%25%20%2895%25%20CI%2033.4%20to%2037.9%29%20reported%20adult%20lifetime%20experiences%20of%20physical%20or%20sexual%20intimate%20partner%20violence%20%28IPV%29%20and%2016.5%25%20%2895%25%20CI%2015.1%20to%2018.1%29%20reported%20adult%20lifetime%20experience%20of%20physical%20or%20sexual%20non-partner%20violence%20%28NPV%29.%20Almost%20one-third%20of%20men%20%2831.2%25%3B%2095%25%20CI%2029.4%20to%2033.1%29%20reported%20victimisation%20as%20an%20adult%2C%20the%20majority%20of%20which%20was%20physical%20violence.%20Twenty-two%20per%20cent%20%2821.7%25%3B%2095%25%20CI%2019.5%20to%2024.1%29%20of%20men%20reported%20lifetime%20sexual%20or%20physical%20IPV%20perpetration%20and%208.1%25%20%2895%25%20CI%207.1%20to%209.3%29%20reported%20lifetime%20sexual%20or%20physical%20NPV%20perpetration.%20Minority%20clan%20membership%2C%20displacement%2C%20exposure%20to%20parental%20violence%20and%20violence%20during%20childhood%20were%20common%20correlates%20of%20IPV%20and%20NPV%20victimisation%20and%20perpetration%20among%20women%20and%20men.%20Victimisation%20and%20perpetration%20were%20also%20strongly%20associated%20with%20recent%20depression%20and%20experiences%20of%20miscarriage%20or%20stillbirth.%20%3Cbr%3E%3Cbr%3ECONCLUSION%3A%20GBV%20is%20prevalent%20and%20spans%20all%20regions%20of%20Somalia.%20Programmes%20that%20support%20nurturing%20environments%20for%20children%20and%20provide%20health%20and%20psychosocial%20support%20for%20women%20and%20men%20are%20critical%20to%20prevent%20and%20respond%20to%20GBV.%3Cp%20%5C%2F%3E%20%5Cn%3Cp%3ELanguage%3A%20en%3C%5C%2Fp%3E%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1136%5C%2Fbmjgh-2018-000773%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222059-7908%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.safetylit.org%5C%2Fcitations%5C%2Findex.php%3Ffuseaction%3Dcitations.viewdetails%26citationIds%5B%5D%3Dcitjournalarticle_590787_20%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XBDR9Q92%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-10-25T11%3A59%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CJ8ATJN8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Glass%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-01-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGlass%2C%20N.%2C%20Marsh%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Perrin%2C%20N.%20%282017%29.%20Communities%20Care%3A%20Evaluation%20of%20a%20community%20led%20intervention%20to%20change%20social%20norms%20that%20sustain%20violence%20against%20women%20and%20girls%20in%20Somalia.%20%3Ci%3EAnnals%20of%20Global%20Health%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E83%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%20102.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.aogh.2017.03.227%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.aogh.2017.03.227%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Communities%20Care%3A%20Evaluation%20of%20a%20community%20led%20intervention%20to%20change%20social%20norms%20that%20sustain%20violence%20against%20women%20and%20girls%20in%20Somalia%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glass%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marsh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perrin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017-01-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.aogh.2017.03.227%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222214-9996%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS2214999617302898%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XBDR9Q92%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-08-31T09%3A24%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22W3SIDKPV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Parcesepe%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EParcesepe%2C%20A.%2C%20Stark%2C%20L.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Boothby%2C%20N.%20%282016%29.%20Measuring%20Physical%20Violence%20and%20Rape%20Against%20Somali%20Women%20Using%20the%20Neighborhood%20Method.%20%3Ci%3EViolence%20Against%20Women%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E22%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%20798%26%23x2013%3B816.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1077801215613852%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1077801215613852%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Measuring%20Physical%20Violence%20and%20Rape%20Against%20Somali%20Women%20Using%20the%20Neighborhood%20Method%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Angela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parcesepe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lindsay%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stark%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leslie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Neil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boothby%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20study%20was%20conducted%20to%20estimate%20prevalence%20of%20gender-based%20violence%20%28GBV%29%20among%20female%20Somalis%20in%20Ethiopian%20refugee%20camps%20and%20host%20communities%2C%20compare%20prevalence%20in%20camps%20and%20communities%2C%20and%20compare%20prevalence%20in%20flight%20and%20in%20camp.%20Systematic%20random%20sampling%20was%20used%20to%20select%20households%20in%20Awbare%20camp%20%28%20n%20%3D%2085%29%2C%20Awbare%20town%20%28%20n%20%3D%2076%29%2C%20and%20Kebribeyah%20camp%20%28%20n%20%3D%2083%29.%20GBV%20was%20common%20and%20overwhelmingly%20domestic.%20Prevalence%20was%20higher%20in%20Awbare%20town%20than%20Kebribeyah%20camp.%20Women%20were%20at%20increased%20risk%20of%20GBV%20in%20camp%20compared%20with%20in%20flight.%20The%20domestic%20nature%20of%20GBV%20in%20humanitarian%20settings%20requires%20attention.%20Assumptions%20about%20violence%20in%20humanitarian%20settings%20should%20be%20further%20tested.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2206%5C%2F2016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F1077801215613852%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221077-8012%2C%201552-8448%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1077801215613852%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XBDR9Q92%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-10-25T13%3A00%3A56Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22X9P8ZABS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Luedke%20A%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELuedke%20A.%20%282015%29.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20other%20war%3A%20Gang%20rape%20in%20Somaliland.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20SIHA%20Network.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.somalilandcurrent.com%5C%2Fthe-other-war-gangrape-in-somaliland%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.somalilandcurrent.com%5C%2Fthe-other-war-gangrape-in-somaliland%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20other%20war%3A%20Gang%20rape%20in%20Somaliland.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Luedke%20A%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22SIHA%20Network%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.somalilandcurrent.com%5C%2Fthe-other-war-gangrape-in-somaliland%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XBDR9Q92%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-10-25T11%3A46%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WD4EIESH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Human%20Rights%20Watch%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-02-20%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHuman%20Rights%20Watch.%20%282012%29.%20%3Ci%3ENo%20place%20for%20children%3A%20Child%20recruitment%2C%20forced%20marriage%2C%20and%20attacks%20on%20schools%20in%20Somalia.%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20Human%20Rights%20Watch.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.hrw.org%5C%2Freport%5C%2F2012%5C%2F02%5C%2F20%5C%2Fno-place-children%5C%2Fchild-recruitment-forced-marriage-and-attacks-schools-somalia%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.hrw.org%5C%2Freport%5C%2F2012%5C%2F02%5C%2F20%5C%2Fno-place-children%5C%2Fchild-recruitment-forced-marriage-and-attacks-schools-somalia%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22No%20place%20for%20children%3A%20Child%20recruitment%2C%20forced%20marriage%2C%20and%20attacks%20on%20schools%20in%20Somalia.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Human%20Rights%20Watch%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22Human%20Rights%20Watch%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2220%20February%202012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.hrw.org%5C%2Freport%5C%2F2012%5C%2F02%5C%2F20%5C%2Fno-place-children%5C%2Fchild-recruitment-forced-marriage-and-attacks-schools-somalia%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XBDR9Q92%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-10-25T11%3A52%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TGCUEKF5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Amnesty%20International%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008-05-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAmnesty%20International.%20%282008%29.%20%3Ci%3ERoutinely%20targeted%3A%20Attacks%20on%20civilians%20in%20Somalia%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20Amnesty%20International.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amnesty.org%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fdocuments%5C%2FAFR52%5C%2F006%5C%2F2008%5C%2Fen%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amnesty.org%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fdocuments%5C%2FAFR52%5C%2F006%5C%2F2008%5C%2Fen%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Routinely%20targeted%3A%20Attacks%20on%20civilians%20in%20Somalia%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Amnesty%20International%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22Amnesty%20International%22%2C%22date%22%3A%226%20May%202008%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amnesty.org%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fdocuments%5C%2FAFR52%5C%2F006%5C%2F2008%5C%2Fen%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XBDR9Q92%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-10-25T11%3A56%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PR3B6PS7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Nilsson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ENilsson%2C%20J.%20E.%2C%20Brown%2C%20C.%2C%20Russell%2C%20E.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Khamphakdy-Brown%2C%20S.%20%282008%29.%20Acculturation%2C%20Partner%20Violence%2C%20and%20Psychological%20Distress%20in%20Refugee%20Women%20From%20Somalia.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Interpersonal%20Violence%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E23%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2811%29%2C%201654%26%23x2013%3B1663.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0886260508314310%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0886260508314310%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Acculturation%2C%20Partner%20Violence%2C%20and%20Psychological%20Distress%20in%20Refugee%20Women%20From%20Somalia%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johanna%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nilsson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chelsea%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brown%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emily%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Russell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Supavan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Khamphakdy-Brown%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20study%20examined%20the%20relations%20among%20acculturation%2C%20domestic%20violence%2C%20and%20mental%20health%20in%2062%20married%20refugee%20women%20from%20Somalia.%20Refugees%20from%20Somalia%20constituted%20the%20largest%20group%20of%20refugees%20entering%20the%20United%20States%20in%202005%2C%20and%20little%20is%20known%20about%20the%20presence%20of%20domestic%20violence%20in%20this%20group.%20The%20results%20showed%20that%20women%20who%20reported%20greater%20ability%20to%20speak%20English%20also%20reported%20more%20experiences%20of%20partner%20psychological%20abuse%20and%20physical%20aggression.%20Experiences%20of%20more%20psychological%20abuse%20and%20physical%20aggressions%20also%20predicted%20more%20psychological%20distress.%20Implications%20for%20future%20research%20and%20psychological%20services%20are%20addressed.%5Cn%5Cn%3Cp%3ELanguage%3A%20en%3C%5C%2Fp%3E%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F0886260508314310%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220886-2605%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.safetylit.org%5C%2Fcitations%5C%2Findex.php%3Ffuseaction%3Dcitations.viewdetails%26citationIds%5B%5D%3Dcitjournalarticle_85577_20%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XBDR9Q92%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-10-25T13%3A04%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226NFF4XMC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3ESomalia%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%28n.d.%29.%20Retrieved%20October%2025%2C%202022%2C%20from%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fevaw-global-database.unwomen.org%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fcountries%5C%2Fafrica%5C%2Fsomalia%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fevaw-global-database.unwomen.org%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fcountries%5C%2Fafrica%5C%2Fsomalia%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Somalia%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fevaw-global-database.unwomen.org%5C%2Fen%5C%2Fcountries%5C%2Fafrica%5C%2Fsomalia%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XBDR9Q92%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-10-25T13%3A05%3A29Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224SDEXDA3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9542089%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Ci%3EThe%20impact%20of%20war%20on%20Somali%20men%3A%20feminist%20analysis%20of%20masculinities%20and%20gender%20relations%20in%20a%20fragile%20context%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%28n.d.%29.%20Oxfam%20Policy%20%26amp%3B%20Practice.%20Retrieved%20October%2025%2C%202022%2C%20from%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpolicy-practice.oxfam.org%5C%2Fresources%5C%2Fthe-impact-of-war-on-somali-men-feminist-analysis-of-masculinities-and-gender-r-620133%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpolicy-practice.oxfam.org%5C%2Fresources%5C%2Fthe-impact-of-war-on-somali-men-feminist-analysis-of-masculinities-and-gender-r-620133%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20impact%20of%20war%20on%20Somali%20men%3A%20feminist%20analysis%20of%20masculinities%20and%20gender%20relations%20in%20a%20fragile%20context%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20article%20describes%20findings%20from%20a%20research%20project%20on%20the%20impact%20of%20war%20on%20Somali%20men.%20It%20asked%20what%20are%20the%20expectations%20associated%20with%20masculinity%20and%20manhood%2C%20how%20they%20have%20been%20affected%20by%20war%20and%20state%20collapse%2C%20and%20what%20implications%20does%20this%20have%20for%20women%20and%20children%20and%20for%20society%20more%20widely.%20The%20study%20found%20%5B%5Cu2026%5D%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpolicy-practice.oxfam.org%5C%2Fresources%5C%2Fthe-impact-of-war-on-somali-men-feminist-analysis-of-masculinities-and-gender-r-620133%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en-US%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XBDR9Q92%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-10-25T12%3A02%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Torrance, R., Akli, Q., Ahmed, R., Cust, H., & Cislaghi, B. (2024). The influence of social norms on sexual violence and physical intimate partner violence in Somalia: A systematic literature review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 101944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2024.101944
Dahie, H. A., Dakane, M. M., & Hassan, B. S. (2023). Prevalence, patterns, and determinants of gender-based violence among women and girls in IDP camps, Mogadishu-Somalia. Journal of Migration and Health, 8, 100193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100193
Boeyink, C., Ali-Salad, M. A., Baruti, E. W., Bile, A. S., Falisse, J.-B., Kazamwali, L. M., Mohamoud, S. A., Muganza, H. N., Mukwege, D. M., & Mahmud, A. J. (2022). Pathways to care: IDPs seeking health support and justice for sexual and gender-based violence through social connections in Garowe and Kismayo, Somalia and South Kivu, DRC. Journal of Migration and Health, 6, 100129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmh.2022.100129
28 Too Many. (2021). Country profile: FGM in Somalia and Somaliland. 28 Too Many. https://www.28toomany.org/media/uploads/Country%20Research%20and%20Resources/SomaliaSomaliland/somalia_and_somaliland_country_profile_update_v2_(march_2021).pdf
Hossain, M., Pearson, R., McAlpine, A., Bacchus, L., Muuo, S. W., Muthuri, S. K., Spangaro, J., Kuper, H., Franchi, G., Pla Cordero, R., Cornish-Spencer, S., Hess, T., Bangha, M., & Izugbara, C. (2020). Disability, violence, and mental health among Somali refugee women in a humanitarian setting. Global Mental Health (Cambridge, England), 7, e30. https://doi.org/10.1017/gmh.2020.23
Glass, N., Perrin, N., Marsh, M., Clough, A., Desgroppes, A., Kaburu, F., Ross, B., & Read-Hamilton, S. (2019). Effectiveness of the Communities Care programme on change in social norms associated with gender-based violence (GBV) with residents in intervention compared with control districts in Mogadishu, Somalia. BMJ Open, 9(3), e023819. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023819
Wirtz, A. L., Perrin, N. A., Desgroppes, A., Phipps, V., Abdi, A. A., Ross, B., Kaburu, F., Kajue, I., Kutto, E., Taniguchi, E., & Glass, N. (2018). Lifetime prevalence, correlates and health consequences of gender-based violence victimisation and perpetration among men and women in Somalia. BMJ Global Health, 3(4), e000773. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000773
Glass, N., Marsh, M., & Perrin, N. (2017). Communities Care: Evaluation of a community led intervention to change social norms that sustain violence against women and girls in Somalia. Annals of Global Health, 83(1), 102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2017.03.227
Parcesepe, A., Stark, L., Roberts, L., & Boothby, N. (2016). Measuring Physical Violence and Rape Against Somali Women Using the Neighborhood Method. Violence Against Women, 22(7), 798–816. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801215613852
Luedke A. (2015). The other war: Gang rape in Somaliland. SIHA Network. https://www.somalilandcurrent.com/the-other-war-gangrape-in-somaliland/
Human Rights Watch. (2012). No place for children: Child recruitment, forced marriage, and attacks on schools in Somalia. Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/report/2012/02/20/no-place-children/child-recruitment-forced-marriage-and-attacks-schools-somalia
Amnesty International. (2008). Routinely targeted: Attacks on civilians in Somalia. Amnesty International. https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/AFR52/006/2008/en/
Nilsson, J. E., Brown, C., Russell, E. B., & Khamphakdy-Brown, S. (2008). Acculturation, Partner Violence, and Psychological Distress in Refugee Women From Somalia. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(11), 1654–1663. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260508314310
Somalia. (n.d.). Retrieved October 25, 2022, from https://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/en/countries/africa/somalia
The impact of war on Somali men: feminist analysis of masculinities and gender relations in a fragile context. (n.d.). Oxfam Policy & Practice. Retrieved October 25, 2022, from https://policy-practice.oxfam.org/resources/the-impact-of-war-on-somali-men-feminist-analysis-of-masculinities-and-gender-r-620133/
